The estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment (excluding land with raw material reserves) are
generally as follows:
Buildings and installations
20 to 35 years
Machines
10 to 30 years
Furniture, vehicles and tools
3 to 10 years
Property, plant and equipment, net was as follows:
As of December 31,
(In millions)
2025
2024
Land and mineral reserves
$3,337
$3,361
Buildings and installations
3,027
2,948
Machines, furniture, vehicles and tools
9,552
9,001
Construction in progress
470
439
Finance lease right-of-use assets
547
334
Total property, plant and equipment
16,933
16,083
Less: accumulated depreciation, depletion and impairment
(8,998)
(8,549)
Property, plant and equipment, net
$7,935
$7,534

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.