16. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company operates as a single operating segment. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who serves as the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance. The CODM reviews the Company’s operating results on an aggregate basis to make decisions about resource allocation, evaluate financial performance, and manage the overall business. Accordingly, the Company’s operations are managed as one reportable segment focused on the development and commercialization of its therapeutic candidates.

The following table represents consolidated net loss summarized by the significant segment expenses regularly reviewed by the CODM for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Year ended December 31, 

  ​

2025

  ​

2024

Total revenue

$

$

22,270,465

Research and development expense:

Compensation and benefits

28,260,696

16,390,412

Duchenne muscular dystrophy program (Deramiocel)

34,254,585

23,049,349

Exosomes platform research

5,225,572

2,908,678

Other R&D segment expenses (1)

6,845,600

3,240,494

Total research and development expense, excluding non-cash expense

74,586,453

45,588,933

Stock-based compensation expense

8,917,527

3,605,667

Depreciation and amortization

950,615

773,985

Total research and development expense

84,454,595

49,968,585

General and administrative expense:

Compensation and benefits

7,224,517

4,446,897

Other G&A segment expenses (2)

7,216,396

3,607,499

Total general and administrative expense, excluding non-cash expense

14,440,913

8,054,396

Stock-based compensation expense

8,307,733

6,159,497

Depreciation and amortization

938,889

651,229

Total general and administrative expense

23,687,535

14,865,122

Operating loss

(108,142,130)

(42,563,242)

Investment income

6,257,607

2,202,990

Interest expense

(3,045,725)

Other income (expense)

(112,098)

(105,334)

Total non-operating income, net

3,099,784

2,097,656

Loss before income taxes

(105,042,346)

(40,465,586)

(Provision for) benefit from income taxes

(1,600)

(1,600)

Net loss

$

(105,043,946)

$

(40,467,186)

(1)Other R&D segment expenses primarily include other pipeline development costs and other facility costs.
(2)Other G&A segment expenses primarily include accounting, legal and other professional fees, consulting expenses, business insurance, employee travel, and other facility and information technology costs.

The asset information provided to the CODM for the single operating segment is consistent with the amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets.

About Segments Disclosures

Segment disclosures break a company into its reportable operating units, revealing revenue, profit, and asset allocation that consolidated financial statements obscure. Under ASC 280, segments must match how the chief operating decision maker views the business, providing a window into internal management structure and resource allocation priorities.

Key signals: compare segment margins to identify which units drive profitability and which destroy value. Watch for changes in the number of reportable segments — segment aggregation or disaggregation often coincides with strategic shifts or attempts to obscure declining performance. Intersegment elimination patterns reveal internal pricing practices. The reconciliation between segment totals and consolidated figures exposes corporate overhead allocation and unallocated items. Geographic revenue concentration highlights regulatory and currency exposure. Compare segment-level capital expenditure against segment revenue to assess where management is investing for future growth versus harvesting existing assets.