Note 19. Commitments and Contingencies
PCT Guaranty
On April 22, 2020, the Company entered into a guaranty with a counterparty to unconditionally guarantee PCT’s obligation to reimburse a $5.0 million prepayment upon PCT’s failure to meet certain performance thresholds. Performance thresholds include the commission and construction of a plant. The guaranty has no expiration. There was no amounts paid by the Company for both the guaranty or for interest. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was no principal outstanding under the guaranty.
Patent Agreement Contingent Fees
In 2022, the Company entered into two agreements with an MNC to purchase in-process research and development consisting of patents, technology, and knowledge transfer related to cooling technology for critical electronic equipment in a transaction that was determined to be an asset acquisition.
On June 30, 2025, Accelsius entered into an amended and restated agreement with the MNC. The amended agreement modifies several terms and notably (a) eliminates revenue-based royalty payments, (b) extends the due dates for fixed installment payments, (c) modifies and reduces the buy-out fee payable to the MNC in lieu of future installment payments upon certain events such as an assignment of the agreement or a capital event (including a change of control or initial public offering), at the option of either the MNC or Accelsius, and (d) eliminates Accelsius’s ability to unilaterally terminate the agreement upon the occurrence of certain events (other than a material breach) and provides the MNC with certain limited information rights related to the equity ownership of Accelsius.
Under the terms of the agreements, the Company is required to make fixed installment payments, as disclosed below, for each year of the agreement through December 31, 2040 (in thousands):
Amount
2026$700 
2027825 
2028825 
2029825 
2030825 
Thereafter9,075 
Total$13,075 
License and Royalty Commitments
On December 12, 2024, the Company entered into a license agreement (the “Technology License”) with a third party to obtain exclusive rights to use certain know-how, patents, and data relating to processes for the gasification of plastic waste (the “Technology”). Ownership of the Technology will transfer to the Company for a fee of $0.5 million contingent upon achievement of a commercial milestone.
The Company incurred a nonrefundable upfront fee of $0.5 million under the Technology License, which was immediately expensed as incurred on December 12, 2024 and presented as an expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the period ended December 31, 2024. Additionally, the Company committed to pay a semi-annual fee until ownership transfers or the Technology is no longer licensed, which is accrued on a monthly basis. During the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, an immaterial amount was recognized within General and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Under the Technology License, the Company is committed to pay annual royalties based on Refinity related gross sales and licensing revenue starting in 2025. As of December 31, 2025, no royalty payments were made or accrued for under the commitment.
Framework Agreement
On January 22, 2025, Refinity entered into the Framework Agreement (“Framework Agreement”) with a third party to obtain research services focusing on the further development and optimization of the Gasification Technology.
Refinity agreed to pay a minimum fee of €2.0 million for the period beginning January 22, 2025 and ending April 30, 2026 (“Year 1”), and €3.0 million for the period beginning May 1, 2026 and ending April 30, 2027 (“Year 2”); provided that, if the third party is unable to provide all of the services contemplated to be provided during Year 1 due to its resource constrains, any unused portion of the minimum fee for Year 1 will be deferred to Year 2 and added to the Year 2 minimum fee. Expenses for services from contracts under the Framework Agreement are recognized as incurred and are applied to the minimum fee. During the year ended December 31, 2025, Refinity incurred €1.7 million of service expenses toward the Year 1 minimum fee. After currency conversion, Refinity incurred $1.9 million toward the Year 1 minimum fee during the year ended December 31, 2025. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2025, Refinity made payments of $2.0 million on costs incurred as a part of the Year 1 minimum fee.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 30, 2026Showing above
2024Apr 14, 2025

About Commitments Disclosures

Commitments and contingencies disclosures catalog a company's off-balance-sheet obligations and legal exposures — purchase commitments, guarantee arrangements, pending litigation, and regulatory proceedings. These items represent potential future cash outflows that may not appear as liabilities on the balance sheet until they become probable and estimable.

Key signals: litigation reserves and disclosed loss ranges quantify management's estimate of legal exposure, but unquantified "reasonably possible" losses often represent the larger risk. Watch for changes in language around pending cases — shifts from "remote" to "reasonably possible" or increases in estimated loss ranges signal deteriorating outcomes. Unconditional purchase obligations and take-or-pay contracts create fixed cost structures that reduce operational flexibility. Guarantee arrangements for subsidiaries or joint ventures can create cascading obligations. Compare the total commitment schedule against projected free cash flow to assess whether the company can meet its obligations without additional financing.