McKinley Acquisition Corp Fair Value Disclosure
Note 9 — Fair Value Measurements
The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents information about the Company’s recurring fair value measurements as of December 31, 2025, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value:
| Level | December 31, 2025 | |||||
| Assets: | ||||||
| Cash held in Trust Account | 1 | $ | 175,137,749 | |||
| Liabilities | ||||||
| Over-allotment option liability | 3 | $ | ||||
The over-allotment option was accounted for as a liability in accordance with ASC 815-40 and was presented within liabilities on the balance sheet. The over-allotment liability is measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of over-allotment liability in the statement of operations.
A Black-Scholes model was used to value the over-allotment option. The Company estimates the volatility of its ordinary share based on historical volatility that matches the expected remaining life of the option. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Constant Maturity Treasury rates on the grant date for a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the option. The expected life of the option is assumed to be equivalent to their remaining contractual term. The following is a summary of key inputs utilized:
| August 13, 2025 | ||||
| Unit price | $ | 9.98 | ||
| Exercise price | 10.00 | |||
| Risk-free rate | 4.36 | % | ||
| Estimated volatility | 3.63 | % | ||
| Time to expiration (years) | 0.12 | |||
The Company determined that the change in fair value of the over-allotment option liability from August 13, 2025, the date of the Company’s Initial Public Offering, to August 15, 2025, the date the underwriters’ over-allotment option was exercised in full, was de minimis.
The following table presents the change in fair value of Level 3 recurring fair value measurements:
| Level 3 | ||||
| Balance as of March 27, 2025 (inception) | $ | |||
| Over-allotment option liability | 149,000 | |||
| Change in fair value | ||||
| Exercise of over-allotment option | (149,000 | ) | ||
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $ | |||
Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents information about the Company’s non-recurring fair value measurements on August 13, 2025 in connection with the consummation of the Company’s Initial Public Offering, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value:
| Level | August 13, 2025 | |||||
| Equity: | ||||||
| Fair value of Public Rights for Class A ordinary shares subject to redemption allocation | 3 | $ | 3,622,244 | |||
| Fair value of NMSI interests in founder shares | 3 | $ | 11,809,000 | |||
| Fair value of underwriter interests in founder shares | 3 | $ | 902,000 | |||
| Non-managing sponsor interest in Bonus Shares | 3 | $ | 51,725 | |||
| Underwriter interest in Bonus Shares | 3 | $ | 2,606 | |||
The Public Rights were valued using an iterative analysis based on market comparable. The valuation was based on a peer group selection of comparable special purpose acquisition companies who were pre-business combination, included one right to redeem one-tenth of one Class A ordinary share as part of their units that were publicly trading, had consummated their initial public offerings within six months of the valuation date. Utilizing this criteria a right price of $0.220, reflective of the 75th percentile peer group range, was selected. An implied right price of $0.289 was determined through a backsolve approach, and after taking the weighted average of the two right prices determined the fair value of a Public Right was $0.241.
The interests in founder shares were valued by determining a value of the common stock price reduced by the probability of no acquisition and by a discount for lack of marketability. The following is a summary of key inputs utilized:
| August 13, 2025 | ||||
| Underlying stock price | $ | 9.74 | ||
| Estimated probability of successful business combination | 70.00 | % | ||
| Indicated marketable value of Class B ordinary shares | $ | 6.82 | ||
| Estimated volatility | 80.00 | % | ||
| Risk-free rate | 3.76 | % | ||
| Time to expiration (years) | 1.50 | |||
| Indicated cost of put option | $ | 2.31 | ||
| Estimated fair value of one Class B ordinary share | $ | 4.51 | ||
The Bonus Shares were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the fair value of the non-managing sponsor and underwriter interests in the Bonus Shares. The simulation utilized a Geometric Brownian Motion, and on a risk-neutral basis, the price of Class A ordinary shares considering the contractual mechanisms for the Bonus Shares to be distributed. Key inputs included a $9.74 value of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares, a risk-free interest rate based on the U.S. Treasury yields for a term similar to the expected remaining life until the Lookback Date, and pre-business combination and post-business combination volatility based on precedent analysis.
About Fair Value Disclosures
Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.
Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.