17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company has contractual obligations and commitments primarily with regard to lease arrangements (see Note 9), repayment of debt (see Note 8), payments under the TRA (see Note 14), and probable future purchases of aircraft.
The Company is subject to an audit by the IRS related to the collection of federal excise taxes on optional passenger seat selection charges covering the period of October 1, 2021 through June 30, 2023. During 2024, the Company received an assessment of approximately $2,700 from the IRS related to the results of the audit. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has appealed the results of the audit through a formal protest with the IRS and there has been no further change in status on this matter. The Company believes a loss in this matter is not probable and has not recognized a loss contingency as of December 31, 2025.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had surety bonds of approximately $4,272, primarily related to bond contractual performance.
In June 2024, ALPA filed a grievance on behalf of the Company’s pilots for certain wages to be paid to pilot instructors during flight hours. In the third quarter of 2025, this matter moved to arbitration. During the fourth quarter of 2025, an arbitrator ruled in favor of the pilots. Prior to this ruling, the Company believed a loss on this matter was not probable. Accordingly, the Company recognized a loss contingency related to this matter of
$2,718, inclusive of tax effects and 401(k) contributions, which was recorded within Salaries, Wages, and Benefits on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations during the fourth quarter of 2025. The Company is assessing all available legal remedies.
The Company is subject to various legal proceedings in the normal course of business and expenses legal costs as incurred. Management does not believe these proceedings will have a materially adverse effect on the Company.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 12, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 12, 2025
2023Feb 14, 2024
2022Feb 15, 2023
2021Feb 18, 2022

About Commitments Disclosures

Commitments and contingencies disclosures catalog a company's off-balance-sheet obligations and legal exposures — purchase commitments, guarantee arrangements, pending litigation, and regulatory proceedings. These items represent potential future cash outflows that may not appear as liabilities on the balance sheet until they become probable and estimable.

Key signals: litigation reserves and disclosed loss ranges quantify management's estimate of legal exposure, but unquantified "reasonably possible" losses often represent the larger risk. Watch for changes in language around pending cases — shifts from "remote" to "reasonably possible" or increases in estimated loss ranges signal deteriorating outcomes. Unconditional purchase obligations and take-or-pay contracts create fixed cost structures that reduce operational flexibility. Guarantee arrangements for subsidiaries or joint ventures can create cascading obligations. Compare the total commitment schedule against projected free cash flow to assess whether the company can meet its obligations without additional financing.