SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company manages its operations as a single segment. The CODM assesses performance and allocates resources for its clinical-stage biopharmaceutical segment based on net loss, which is reported on the statement of operations and comprehensive loss as net loss. The CODM is regularly provided with actual, budgeted and forecasted expense information to make decisions on resource allocation and assess performance of the business and monitor budget versus actual results using loss from operations. Substantially all long-lived assets are located in the U.S. The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total assets.

The following table presents selected financial information about the Company’s single operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,
20242023
Operating expenses
Research and development
External costs (1)$71,188 $25,405 
Internally-managed costs (2)19,062 15,025 
General and administrative (3)14,069 14,506 
Other segment expenses (4)9,698 6,202 
Other income, net(11,688)(8,767)
Segment net loss$102,329 $52,371 

(1) Includes a $0.7 million non-cash charge for the year ended December 31, 2023.
(2) Includes Acumen-managed research, consultants and contractors, as well as internal personnel and operating expenses, and excludes stock-based compensation expense and depreciation.
(3) Excludes stock-based compensation expense and depreciation.
(4) Other segment expenses include stock-based compensation expense and depreciation.

About Segments Disclosures

Segment disclosures break a company into its reportable operating units, revealing revenue, profit, and asset allocation that consolidated financial statements obscure. Under ASC 280, segments must match how the chief operating decision maker views the business, providing a window into internal management structure and resource allocation priorities.

Key signals: compare segment margins to identify which units drive profitability and which destroy value. Watch for changes in the number of reportable segments — segment aggregation or disaggregation often coincides with strategic shifts or attempts to obscure declining performance. Intersegment elimination patterns reveal internal pricing practices. The reconciliation between segment totals and consolidated figures exposes corporate overhead allocation and unallocated items. Geographic revenue concentration highlights regulatory and currency exposure. Compare segment-level capital expenditure against segment revenue to assess where management is investing for future growth versus harvesting existing assets.