7.
Income Taxes

The Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Deferred income tax assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Discounting of net unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses

 

$

13,744

 

 

$

14,552

 

Unearned premiums

 

 

6,794

 

 

 

6,257

 

Accrued expenses and other

 

 

2,057

 

 

 

2,145

 

State income tax

 

 

2,373

 

 

 

2,501

 

Accrued policyholder dividends

 

 

1,294

 

 

 

1,408

 

Accrued insurance-related assessments

 

 

1,598

 

 

 

1,557

 

Total deferred tax assets

 

 

27,860

 

 

 

28,420

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred income tax liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred policy acquisition costs

 

 

(5,167

)

 

 

(4,737

)

Net unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale

 

 

(4,674

)

 

 

(2,389

)

Property and equipment and other

 

 

(171

)

 

 

(130

)

Salvage and subrogation

 

 

(276

)

 

 

(302

)

Loss reserves adjustment

 

 

 

 

 

(1,414

)

Total deferred income tax liabilities

 

 

(10,288

)

 

 

(8,972

)

Net deferred income taxes

 

$

17,572

 

 

$

19,448

 

The components of consolidated income tax expense (benefit) are as follows:

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Current:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$

10,341

 

 

$

11,351

 

 

$

13,621

 

State

 

 

993

 

 

 

867

 

 

 

1,020

 

 

 

 

11,334

 

 

 

12,218

 

 

 

14,641

 

Deferred:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

 

244

 

 

 

1,408

 

 

 

655

 

State

 

 

128

 

 

 

(6

)

 

 

(27

)

 

 

 

372

 

 

 

1,402

 

 

 

628

 

Total

 

$

11,706

 

 

$

13,620

 

 

$

15,269

 

As of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no valuation allowance against its deferred income tax assets and liabilities. The realization of this asset is dependent upon the Company's ability to generate sufficient taxable income in future periods. Based on historical results and the prospects for future operations, management anticipates that it is more likely than not that future taxable income will be sufficient for the realization of this asset.

Income tax expense from operations is different from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax statutory rate of 21% to income before income taxes as follows:

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

 

Amount ($)

 

 

Percentage

 

 

Amount ($)

 

 

Percentage

 

 

Amount ($)

 

 

Percentage

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

Income tax computed at federal statutory tax rate

 

$

12,359

 

 

 

21.0

%

 

$

14,502

 

 

 

21.0

%

 

 

16,249

 

 

 

21.0

%

State income tax (1)

 

 

912

 

 

 

1.5

%

 

 

679

 

 

 

1.0

%

 

 

779

 

 

 

1.0

%

Nontaxable or nondeductible items

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tax-exempt interest, net

 

 

(1,908

)

 

 

-3.2

%

 

 

(1,945

)

 

 

-2.8

%

 

 

(1,997

)

 

 

-2.6

%

   All other

 

 

351

 

 

 

0.6

%

 

 

376

 

 

 

0.5

%

 

 

225

 

 

 

0.3

%

Other

 

 

(8

)

 

 

0.0

%

 

 

8

 

 

 

0.0

%

 

 

13

 

 

 

0.0

%

 

 

$

11,706

 

 

 

19.9

%

 

$

13,620

 

 

 

19.7

%

 

$

15,269

 

 

 

19.7

%

 

(1)
State taxes in Florida and Illinois make up more than 50% of the state income tax category.

 

The Company has no foreign operations. Federal and state income tax payments, net of refunds, are as follows:

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Income taxes paid, net of refunds received

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$

11,250

 

 

$

11,750

 

 

$

13,950

 

State (1)

 

 

1,200

 

 

 

1,099

 

 

 

962

 

Total

 

$

12,450

 

 

$

12,849

 

 

$

14,912

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Domestic

 

$

58,851

 

 

$

69,056

 

 

$

77,377

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income tax expense from continuing operations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$

10,585

 

 

$

12,759

 

 

$

14,276

 

State

 

 

1,121

 

 

 

861

 

 

 

993

 

Total

 

$

11,706

 

 

$

13,620

 

 

$

15,269

 

 

(1) Payments to Florida and Illinois make up greater than 50% of the total state income taxes paid, net of refunds received.

 

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. There were no uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

The Inflation Reduction Act was enacted on August 16, 2022, and included a new Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax (CAMT). The Company has determined they do not expect to be liable for CAMT in 2025.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) was enacted, introducing multiple changes to the U.S. tax code. The OBBBA contains several changes impacting corporate taxpayers, including modifications to the limitations on deductions for charitable contributions and the re-establishment of accelerated depreciation on certain qualified depreciable assets. The new tax regulation set forth by the OBBBA did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Tax years 2022 through 2025 are subject to examination by the federal and state taxing authorities.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 27, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 28, 2025
2023Feb 23, 2024
2022Feb 21, 2023
2021Feb 25, 2022
2020Feb 26, 2021
2019Feb 25, 2020
2018Feb 28, 2019
2017Feb 28, 2018
2016Feb 24, 2017
2015Feb 26, 2016

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.