9.
Net Loss Per Share

The Company calculates basic net loss per share by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding. The weighted-average number of shares of common stock used in the basic and diluted net loss per share calculation include pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 38,543,577 and 40,492,923 shares of common stock for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as the pre-funded warrants are exercisable at any time for nominal cash consideration. The Company has generated a net loss in all periods presented, so the basic and diluted net loss per share are the same, as the inclusion of the potentially dilutive securities would be anti-dilutive.

The following outstanding potentially dilutive shares have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share due to their anti-dilutive effect:

 

 

 

Year Ended
December 31,

 

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Stock options to purchase common stock

 

 

14,594,720

 

 

 

9,208,970

 

Shares subject to Employee Stock Purchase Plan

 

 

15,922

 

 

 

17,200

 

Unvested restricted stock units

 

 

770,028

 

 

 

495,579

 

Common warrants

 

 

8,104,615

 

 

 

8,427,508

 

Total

 

 

23,485,285

 

 

 

18,149,257

 

About Earnings Per Share Disclosures

The earnings per share disclosure breaks down the calculation from net income to both basic and diluted EPS, revealing the full impact of a company's capital structure on per-share economics. The reconciliation between basic and diluted share counts exposes how many stock options, RSUs, convertible securities, and warrants are potentially dilutive to existing shareholders.

Key signals: a widening gap between basic and diluted shares indicates growing dilution from equity compensation or convertible instruments. Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the diluted calculation deserve attention — they represent latent dilution that will materialize if the stock price rises. Watch for the effect of share buybacks on per-share metrics: EPS growth driven primarily by repurchases rather than income growth signals weakening fundamentals. Compare year-over-year changes in the diluted share count against equity compensation expense to assess whether management is effectively managing dilution.