Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Pre-funded warrants to purchase 6,941,438, 7,500,000, and 1,417,808 shares of the Company's stock were included in the weighted-average common shares outstanding used in calculating net loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as the exercise price of the pre-funded warrants is negligible and the pre-funded warrants are fully vested and exercisable.
Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock method. Since the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share since the effects of potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive. Shares of common stock subject to repurchase are excluded from the weighted-average shares.
Potential dilutive securities, which include unvested RSUs and unvested performance-based RSUs for which established performance criteria have been achieved as of the end of the respective periods, vested and unvested options to purchase common stock and shares to be issued under the Company's employee stock purchase plan (ESPP), have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share in each period in which the Company recorded a net loss, as the effect is antidilutive. The following outstanding potentially dilutive shares have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented due to their anti-dilutive effect:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, |
| 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| Stock options to purchase common stock | 6,436,972 | | | 5,342,909 | | | 7,919,699 | |
RSUs subject to future vesting | 6,007,515 | | | 6,055,087 | | | 2,929,602 | |
| ESPP shares subject to future issuance | 11,616 | | | 16,338 | | | 26,368 | |
| Total | 12,456,103 | | | 11,414,334 | | | 10,875,669 | |
About Earnings Per Share Disclosures
The earnings per share disclosure breaks down the calculation from net income to both basic and diluted EPS, revealing the full impact of a company's capital structure on per-share economics. The reconciliation between basic and diluted share counts exposes how many stock options, RSUs, convertible securities, and warrants are potentially dilutive to existing shareholders.
Key signals: a widening gap between basic and diluted shares indicates growing dilution from equity compensation or convertible instruments. Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the diluted calculation deserve attention — they represent latent dilution that will materialize if the stock price rises. Watch for the effect of share buybacks on per-share metrics: EPS growth driven primarily by repurchases rather than income growth signals weakening fundamentals. Compare year-over-year changes in the diluted share count against equity compensation expense to assess whether management is effectively managing dilution.