NOTE P – REVENUE

Trade receivables

Trade receivables are defined as receivables arising from contracts with customers and are recorded within the accounts receivable, net caption within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Ashland’s trade receivables were $200 million and $206 million as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. See Note H for additional information on Ashland's program to sell certain accounts receivable on a revolving basis to third party banks up to an aggregate purchase limit.

Disaggregation of revenue

Ashland disaggregates its revenue from contracts with customers by reportable segment and geographical region, as Ashland believes these categories best depict how management reviews the financial performance of its operations for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023. Ashland includes only U.S. and Canada in its North America designation and includes Europe, the Middle East and Africa in its Europe designation. See the following tables for details (Intersegment sales eliminations have been excluded, see Note Q for additional information) for the years ended September 30:

Sales by geography

 

(In millions)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Life Sciences

 

North America

 

$

117

 

 

$

241

 

 

$

228

 

Europe

 

 

240

 

 

 

269

 

 

 

305

 

Asia Pacific

 

 

207

 

 

 

225

 

 

 

233

 

Latin America & other

 

 

77

 

 

 

75

 

 

 

103

 

 

 

$

641

 

 

$

810

 

 

$

869

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(In millions)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Personal Care

 

North America

 

$

155

 

 

$

183

 

 

$

176

 

Europe

 

 

219

 

 

 

238

 

 

 

233

 

Asia Pacific

 

 

128

 

 

 

128

 

 

 

105

 

Latin America & other

 

 

75

 

 

 

85

 

 

 

84

 

 

 

$

577

 

 

$

634

 

 

$

598

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(In millions)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Specialty Additives

 

North America

 

$

177

 

 

$

183

 

 

$

203

 

Europe

 

 

178

 

 

 

208

 

 

 

214

 

Asia Pacific

 

 

128

 

 

 

153

 

 

 

153

 

Latin America & other

 

 

28

 

 

 

28

 

 

 

30

 

 

 

$

511

 

 

$

572

 

 

$

600

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(In millions)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Intermediates

 

North America

 

$

90

 

 

$

103

 

 

$

128

 

Europe

 

 

26

 

 

 

21

 

 

 

27

 

Asia Pacific

 

 

14

 

 

 

16

 

 

 

22

 

Latin America & other

 

 

7

 

 

 

4

 

 

 

8

 

 

 

$

137

 

 

$

144

 

 

$

185

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ashland has two product categories that represented 10% or greater of Ashland's total consolidated sales, which were cellulosics and polyvinylprrolidones (PVP). The following table summarizes the percentage of Ashland's total consolidated sales by product:

Sales by product

 

(In millions)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Cellulosics

 

 

39

%

 

 

37

%

 

 

37

%

PVP

 

 

25

%

 

 

23

%

 

 

25

%

 

 

64

%

 

 

60

%

 

 

62

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Nov 20, 2025Showing above
2024Nov 18, 2024
2023Nov 17, 2023
2022Nov 21, 2022
2021Nov 22, 2021
2020Nov 23, 2020
2019Nov 25, 2019

About Revenue Disclosures

Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.

Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.