NOTE 5 – INCOME TAXES

 

Loss before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024 is summarized as follows:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Loss before income taxes:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Local

 

$(1,709,197)

 

$(1,144,817)

Foreign, representing Malaysia

 

 

(1,275,410)

 

 

(450,031)

 

 

$(2,984,607)

 

$(1,594,848)

 

Provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024 is summarized as follows:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Current (expense)/benefit:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$-

 

 

$-

 

Local

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

Foreign, representing Malaysia

 

 

-

 

 

 

(15,799)

Total current

 

 

-

 

 

 

(15,799)

Deferred (expense)/benefit:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

Local

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

Foreign, representing Malaysia

 

 

-

 

 

 

12,305

 

Total deferred

 

 

-

 

 

 

12,305

 

Total deferred benefit

 

$-

 

 

$(3,494)

 

The income taxes paid (net of refunds) by jurisdiction for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, as reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, are as follows:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

U.S. federal

 

$-

 

 

$-

 

Foreign, representing Malaysia

 

$(28,832)

 

$40,380

 

Total income taxes paid/(refunded), net

 

$(28,832)

 

$40,380

 

 

The reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax amount and rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024 is as follows:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

 

Amount

 

 

%

 

 

Amount

 

 

%

 

Loss before income taxes

 

$(2,984,607)

 

 

 

 

$(1,594,848)

 

 

 

Federal statutory tax rate

 

 

(626,767

 

 

21.00

%

 

 

(334,924

)

 

 

21.00

%

State and local income tax, net of federal income tax effect

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

Foreign tax effects:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Malaysia

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign rate difference

 

 

(38,262

)

 

 

1.28

%

 

 

(13,494

)

 

 

0.85

%

Non-taxable or non-deductible items

 

 

186,128

 

 

 

-6.24

%

 

 

(149,821

)

 

 

9.39

%

Prior year tax adjustment

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

20,531

 

 

 

-1.29

%

Changes in valuation allowances

 

 

478,902

 

 

 

-16.05

%

 

 

481,201

 

 

 

-30.17

%

Income tax expense and effective tax rate

 

$-

 

 

 

-

 

 

$3,494

 

 

 

-0.22

%

 

The significant components of deferred taxes of the Company are as follows

 

 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Deferred tax assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

Property, plant and equipment

 

$

(214,436

)

 

(179,429

)

Capital allowances

 

 

315,688

 

 

204,398

 

Net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

– United States of America

 

 

8,938,122

 

 

8,024,108

 

– Malaysia

 

 

2,567,801

 

 

1,354,566

 

Gross deferred tax assets

 

 

11,607,175

 

 

9,403,642

 

Less: Valuation allowance

 

 

 (11,607,175

)

 

(9,403,642

)

Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 The table below summarizes changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for the years presented:

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2,025

 

 

2,024

 

Valuation allowance

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance, beginning of year

 

$9,403,642

 

 

$7,267,659

 

Increases in (reversal of) valuation allowance during the year

 

 

2,203,533

 

 

 

2,135,984

 

Balance, end of year

 

$11,607,175

 

 

$9,403,642

 

 

The Company believes that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be fully realized in the future. Accordingly, the Company established a valuation allowance of 11,607,175 to offset deferred tax assets of $11,607,175 including deferred tax assets related to the net operating loss (NOL) carry forwards of $11,505,923 as of December 31, 2025.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2025, a valuation allowance was increased by $2,203,533, this increase was primarily due to an increase of NOL carryforwards of $1,213,235 from the Company’s Malaysia subsidiaries.

 

United States of America

 

The Company is registered in the State of Wyoming and is subject to United States of America tax law.

 

For the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, the operations in the United States of America incurred a net operating loss (NOL) of $1,709,197 and $1,144,817, respectively.

 

As of December 31, 2025, the cumulative net operating losses (NOLs) were $8,938,122 which can be carried forward to offset future taxable income. The NOL carryforwards begin to expire in 2041, if unutilized.

 

Malaysia

 

The Company’s subsidiaries operating in Malaysia are subject to the Malaysia Corporate Tax Laws at a standard income tax rate of 24% on their assessable income for the tax year.

 

For the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, the subsidiaries in Malaysia incurred an aggregate net operating loss (NOL) of $1,275,410 and $450,031, respectively

 

As of December 31, 2025, the operations in Malaysia had incurred the aggregate amount of cumulative net operating losses (NOLs) of $2,567,801 which can be carried forward carried forward indefinitely to offset taxable income in the future. The NOL carryforwards begins to expire in 2029, if unutilized.

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Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Apr 14, 2026Showing above
2024Apr 15, 2025
2023Apr 16, 2024
2022Mar 31, 2023
2021Apr 6, 2022
2020Mar 30, 2021
2019Mar 31, 2020

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.