COMMITMENT AND CONTINGENCIES
From time to time, the Company and/or its subsidiaries are parties to legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, and in particular, personal injury claims involving the operations of the Company's properties. Although management believes that the primary and umbrella insurance coverage maintained with respect to such properties is sufficient to cover

NOTE 14—COMMITMENT AND CONTINGENCIES (continued)
claims for compensatory damages, many of these personal injury claims also assert claims for exemplary (i.e punitive) damages. Generally, insurance does not cover claims for punitive or exemplary damages.
The Company maintains a non-contributory defined contribution pension plan covering eligible employees and officers. Contributions by the Company are made through a money purchase plan and the amounts of such contributions are based upon a percent of qualified employees' total salary as defined therein. Pension expense approximated $515,000 and $473,000 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, $120,000 and $73,000, respectively, remains unpaid and is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
At December 31, 2024, the Company is the carve-out guarantor with respect to mortgage debt in principal amount of $443,107,000 at 18 multi-family properties.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2024Mar 12, 2025Showing above
2022Mar 15, 2023
2021Mar 16, 2022
2018Dec 10, 2018
2017Dec 14, 2017

About Commitments Disclosures

Commitments and contingencies disclosures catalog a company's off-balance-sheet obligations and legal exposures — purchase commitments, guarantee arrangements, pending litigation, and regulatory proceedings. These items represent potential future cash outflows that may not appear as liabilities on the balance sheet until they become probable and estimable.

Key signals: litigation reserves and disclosed loss ranges quantify management's estimate of legal exposure, but unquantified "reasonably possible" losses often represent the larger risk. Watch for changes in language around pending cases — shifts from "remote" to "reasonably possible" or increases in estimated loss ranges signal deteriorating outcomes. Unconditional purchase obligations and take-or-pay contracts create fixed cost structures that reduce operational flexibility. Guarantee arrangements for subsidiaries or joint ventures can create cascading obligations. Compare the total commitment schedule against projected free cash flow to assess whether the company can meet its obligations without additional financing.