Note 14. Share-Based Compensation

The following tables set forth certain share-based compensation information for 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively:

 

 

 

Years ended December 31,

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

 

2017

 

Expense relating to share/unit grants

 

$

4,496,000

 

 

$

4,217,000

 

 

$

3,820,000

 

Amounts capitalized

 

 

(379,000

)

 

 

(454,000

)

 

 

(268,000

)

Total charged to operations

 

$

4,117,000

 

 

$

3,763,000

 

 

$

3,552,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shares

 

 

grant date value

 

 

 

 

 

Unvested shares/units, December 31, 2018

 

 

3,910,000

 

 

$

4.46

 

 

 

 

 

Restricted share grants

 

 

522,000

 

 

$

3.22

 

 

 

 

 

Vested during period

 

 

(144,000

)

 

$

6.86

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeitures/cancellations

 

 

(30,000

)

 

$

4.32

 

 

 

 

 

Unvested shares/units, December 31, 2019

 

 

4,258,000

 

 

$

4.23

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

At December 31, 2019, approximately 2.4 million shares remained available for grants pursuant to the 2017 Plan and, at that date, there remained an aggregate of $9.0 million applicable to all grants and awards to be expensed over a weighted average period of 2.8 years.

During 2019, there were 522,000 time-based restricted shares issued, with a weighted average grant date fair value of $3.22 per share. Excluding the grants relating to the Company’s President and CEO (see below), during 2018, there were 610,000 time-based restricted shares issued, with a weighted average grant date fair value of $4.93 per share. During 2017, there were 305,000 time-based restricted shares issued, with a weighted average grant date fair value of $6.20 per share.

The total fair values of shares vested during 2019, 2018, and 2017 were $485,000, $7,556,000, and $890,000, respectively.

 

President and CEO Employment Contract

 

Upon employment on June 15, 2011, the Company’s President and CEO received restricted share grants totaling 2,500,000 shares, one-half of which was time-based, vesting upon the seventh anniversary of the date of grant (June 15, 2018), and the other half market performance-based, to be earned if the total annual return on an investment in the Company’s common stock (“TSR”) was at least an average of 6.5% per year for the seven years ended June 15, 2018. On June 15, 2018, the 1,250,000 time-based shares vested and the 1,250,000 market performance-based shares were forfeited as the market performance criteria was not achieved.

 

On June 15, 2018, in connection with a new amended and restated employment agreement, the Company’s President and CEO received a 1.0 million time-based restricted share grant at a market price of $4.38. However, as a result of an existing limitation within the 2017 Plan, only 750,000 shares were granted on June 15, 2018, with the remaining 250,000 shares granted on January 1, 2019. All 1.0 million time-based restricted shares will vest upon the fifth anniversary of the effective date of the employment agreement (June 15, 2023), subject to the Company’s President and CEO continuous employment with the Company through such date, subject to certain exceptions. Consistent with such time-based restricted grant awards to other participants, dividends will be paid on these shares.

 

In addition, on June 15, 2018, the Company’s President and CEO was also granted a market performance-based equity award of 1,500,000 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and 1,500,000 dividend equivalent rights of the Company. Each RSU represents a contingent right to receive one common share if certain market performance criteria are achieved. During the three years ending June 15, 2021 (the “Interim Performance Period”), a maximum of 750,000 shares can be earned. Any portion of the market performance based equity award that is not earned as of the end of the Interim Performance Period will be carried forward for calculation for the five years ending June 15, 2023 (the “Full Performance Period”). The percentage of the market performance-based equity award to be earned will be determined based on the Company’s average annual TSR over the Interim Performance Period and/or over the Full Performance Period as follows: if average annual TSR (1) is below 4%, the percentage of grant earned would be 0%, (2) equals 4%, the percentage of grant earned would be 33.3%, (3) equals 6.5%, the percentage of grant earned would be 66.7%, and (4) equals 10% or above, the percentage of grant earned would be 100%. Linear interpolation shall be applied to determine the percentage of the market performance-based equity award that is earned where the average annual TSR over the performance period falls between the percentages set forth above. An independent appraisal determined the value of the market performance-based equity award for the interim and full performance periods to be $3.30 and $2.97 per share, respectively, compared to a market price at the date of grant of $4.38 per share.

 

The dividend equivalent rights will accrue and will be deemed to be reinvested into the Company’s common stock and payment with respect to the dividend equivalent rights will be deferred until the end of the Interim Performance Period, or the Full Performance

Period, as the case may be, to coincide with the vesting, if any, of the market performance-based equity award. Payment will only be made for the portion of the market performance-based equity award that is earned and vests.

 

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Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2019Feb 13, 2020Showing above
2016Feb 23, 2017
2015Feb 19, 2016

About Stock Compensation Disclosures

Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.

Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.