7.  Income Taxes

 ​

Deferred tax attributes resulting from differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:

 

  

December 31,

  

December 31,

 
  

2025

  

2024

 

Deferred tax assets:

      

Accruals and reserves

 $3,006  $1,563 

Deferred rent credit

  56   92 

Depreciation and amortization

  632   635 

Total deferred tax assets

  3,694   2,290 

Deferred tax liabilities:

      

Accruals and reserves

  (1,632)  (965)

Depreciation and amortization

  (6,932)  (5,855)

Total deferred tax liabilities

  (8,564)  (6,820)

Net deferred tax liabilities

 $(4,870) $(4,530)

 

The provision for income taxes is as follows:

 

  

Year ended December 31,

 
  

2025

  

2024

  

2023

 

Current:

          

Federal

 $3,226  $4,610  $2,793 

State

  969   839   676 

Foreign

  2,498   1,471   1,372 

Total current tax expense

  6,693   6,920   4,841 

Deferred:

         

Federal

  817   28   32 

State

  19   112   10 

Foreign

  (941)  (652)  (425)

Total deferred tax expense (benefit)

  (105)  (512)  (383)

Total income tax expense (benefit)

 $6,588  $6,408  $4,458 

Effective Tax Rate

  23.6%  25.6%  26.6%

 

For financial reporting purposes, income before income taxes includes the following components:

 

  

Year ended December 31,

 
  

2025

  

2024

  

2023

 

United States

 $21,804  $20,961  $11,990 

Foreign

  6,114   4,057   4,791 
  $27,918  $25,018  $16,781 

 

The table below provides the updated requirements of ASU 2023- 09 for 2024. See  Note 2 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements) for additional details on the adoption of ASU 2023- 09.

 

The reasons for the difference between total tax expense and the amount computed by applying the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2025 are as follows:
 
  

Year ended December 31, 2025

 
  

$

  

%

 

Provision for income taxes at U.S. federal statutory rate

 $5,863   21.0%

State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit (1)

  780   2.8%

Foreign tax effects

  274   1.0%

Effects of changes in tax laws or rates enacted in the current period

     0.0%

Effect of cross-border tax laws:

        

Foreign derived intangible income ("FDII")

     0.0%

Other

     0.0%

Tax credits:

        

Tax credits

     0.0%

Non-taxable or non-deductible items:

        

Stock based compensation

  (968)  -3.5%

Executive compensation limitation (IRC 162m)

  691   2.5%

Other items

  26   0.1%

Uncertain tax positions

     0.0%

Other items

  (78)  -0.3%

Total tax provision and effective tax rate

 $6,588   23.6%

 

(1)

State taxes in California, Florida, Illinois and Pennsylvania made up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the tax effect in this category. 

 

As previously disclosed for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-09, the effective income tax rate differs from the statutory federal income tax rate as follows:

 

  

Year ended December 31,

 
  

2024

  

2023

 

Statutory rate applied to pretax income

 $5,254  $3,524 

Other permanent items

  384   569 

State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit

  752   542 

Acquisition related costs

  760   132 

Other items

  56    

Dividends

  (1)  (3)

GILTI, net of foreign tax credits

  (41)  (11)

Foreign income taxes (under) U.S. statutory rate

  (200)  (46)

Stock compensation

  (556)  (249)

Income tax expense

 $6,408  $4,458 

 

The Company has analyzed filing positions in all the federal, state and foreign jurisdictions where it is required to file income tax returns, as well as all open tax years in these jurisdictions. The Company has identified its federal consolidated tax return, its state tax returns, its Canadian tax return and its tax return in the United Kingdom as major tax jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s 2022 through 2024 Federal tax returns remain open for examination. The Company’s various states and Canadian tax returns are open for examination for the years 2021 through 2024. The Company’s tax return in the United Kingdom is open for examination for the years 2023 and 2024. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as interest expense and penalties as operating expenses. The Company believes that it has appropriate support for the income tax positions it takes and expects to take on its tax returns, and that its accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open years based on an assessment of many factors including experience and interpretations of tax law applied to the facts of each matter.

 

The Company has approximately $11.3 million of undistributed earnings in Canada and $5.3 million of undistributed earnings in the United Kingdom and $2.2 million of undistributed earnings in Ireland, which it continues to reinvest indefinitely, and therefore no withholding taxes related to its repatriation has been recorded.

 ​

There was no activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

 ​

During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred interest and penalties of zero, respectively, related to these uncertain tax benefits.

 

As required by ASU 2023-09, the total cash paid for income taxes by U.S. federal, U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions for the year ended  December 31, 2025 is as follows:

 

  

Year ended December 31,

 
  

2025

 

U.S. federal

 $6,120 
     

U.S. state

 $1,347 
     

Foreign:

    

United Kingdom

  1,202 

Ireland

  648 

Canada

  558 

Other

  64 

Foreign Subtotal

 $2,472 
     

Total cash paid for income taxes (net of refunds)

 $9,939 

 

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 27, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 11, 2025
2023Mar 5, 2024
2022Mar 16, 2023
2021Mar 9, 2022
2020Mar 16, 2021
2019Mar 4, 2020
2018Mar 18, 2019
2017Mar 15, 2018
2016Feb 21, 2017
2015Feb 22, 2016

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.