9. NET LOSS PER SHARE

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants outstanding during the period. The pre-funded warrants are considered common shares outstanding for the purposes of the basic net loss per share calculation due to the nominal cash consideration and lack of other contingencies for issuance of the underlying common shares. Diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders, as adjusted, by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock and the dilutive potential common stock equivalents then outstanding. Potential common stock equivalents consist of stock options, warrants, and convertible preferred shares. In accordance with ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share, diluted earnings per share are the amount of earnings for the period available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period and to each share that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares for all dilutive potential common shares

outstanding during the reporting period. In the quarters ended June 30, 2024, and September 30, 2024, the common warrants issued in October 2022 were dilutive. In all other periods presented, all outstanding warrants were antidilutive.

Year ended December 31, 2024

    

  

Net loss

$

(44,581,446)

Dilutive effect of warrant liability

 

(7,283,786)

Net loss allocated to common shares

$

(51,865,232)

Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic

 

36,622,474

Dilutive effect of warrant liability

 

521,295

Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted

 

37,143,769

Net loss per share - diluted

$

(1.40)

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share since their inclusion would have been antidilutive:

Year Ended December 31, 

    

2024

    

2023

Warrants

 

20,381,704

26,923,243

Stock options

 

4,587,018

2,351,903

Convertible preferred shares

 

502,320

3,624,957

Total potentially dilutive shares

 

25,471,042

32,900,103

About Earnings Per Share Disclosures

The earnings per share disclosure breaks down the calculation from net income to both basic and diluted EPS, revealing the full impact of a company's capital structure on per-share economics. The reconciliation between basic and diluted share counts exposes how many stock options, RSUs, convertible securities, and warrants are potentially dilutive to existing shareholders.

Key signals: a widening gap between basic and diluted shares indicates growing dilution from equity compensation or convertible instruments. Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the diluted calculation deserve attention — they represent latent dilution that will materialize if the stock price rises. Watch for the effect of share buybacks on per-share metrics: EPS growth driven primarily by repurchases rather than income growth signals weakening fundamentals. Compare year-over-year changes in the diluted share count against equity compensation expense to assess whether management is effectively managing dilution.