Revenue Recognition
We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of paperboard products, which are generally distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations.
Generally, revenue is recognized at a point in time upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. Transfer of control typically occurs when the title and risk of loss passes to the customer. Shipping terms generally indicate when title and the risk of loss have passed, usually this is upon receipt at our customer's destination. We have elected to treat shipping and handling costs as a fulfillment cost. We expense incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract (sales commissions) when incurred because the amortization period is generally 12 months or less. We maintain consignment inventory at a limited number of customer locations. For consigned inventory, we recognize revenue upon transfer of control, which is often in advance of invoicing the customer. These amounts are classified as unbilled receivables in the above detail of trade accounts receivable.
We provide for trade promotions, customer cash discounts and other deductions, which are considered variable consideration and recorded as a reduction to net sales. These costs are recorded at the later of the time of sale or the implementation of the program based on management’s best estimates. Estimates are based on historical and projected experience for each type of program or customer. Volume allowances are accrued based on our estimates of customer volume achievement and other factors incorporated into customer agreements. Revenue, net of returns and credits, is only recognized to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of any incremental revenue will not occur. Judgment associated with forecasted volumes is required to determine the most probable amount of variable consideration to apply as a reduction to net sales. Management adjusts accruals when circumstances indicate (typically as a result of a change in volume expectations). As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we accrued $14.8 million and $8.9 million for customer rebates recorded in accounts payable and accrued liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
For more information on the disaggregation of revenue by primary geographical market and major product line, see Note 19, "Segment Disclosure."
About Revenue Disclosures
Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.
Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.