REVENUE
The following is a description of our principal activities from which we generate revenue. Revenue from customers is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods and the obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied.
Sales of our Produced Oil, Natural Gas and NGLs
Revenue from sales of our oil, natural gas and NGL production is recognized upon delivery (and transfer of control) of the commodity to the customer. In certain instances, transportation and processing fees are incurred by us prior to delivery to customers. We record these transportation and processing fees as transportation costs on our consolidated statements of operations.
Our contracts with customers are generally less than a year and based on index prices. We recognize revenue in the amount that we expect to receive once we are able to adequately estimate the consideration (i.e., when market prices are known). Our contracts with customers typically require payment within 30 days following the month of delivery. The following table provides disaggregated revenue for sales of produced oil, natural gas and NGLs to external customers:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year ended December 31, |
| 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| | | | | |
| (in millions) |
| Oil | $ | 2,647 | | | $ | 2,255 | | | $ | 1,534 | |
Natural gas | 99 | | | 96 | | | 309 | |
Natural gas liquids | 164 | | | 186 | | | 198 | |
Oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids sales | $ | 2,910 | | | $ | 2,537 | | | $ | 2,041 | |
We also process third-party wet gas at one of our gas processing facilities and the purity products are then sold to customers. We recognized $3 million, $3 million and $15 million included in other revenue on our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Electricity Revenue
The electrical output of our Elk Hills power plant that is not used in our operations is primarily sold into the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) wholesale power market. We also enter into contracts with load-serving entities to ensure there is sufficient capacity to support forecasted demand in the California market. Our contracts for capacity are at market prices and generally for a term that does not exceed twelve months. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, we sold power to a California utility under a power purchase and sales agreement (PPA), which included a monthly capacity payment plus a variable payment based on the quantity of power purchased each month.
As part of the Berry Merger, we acquired four cogeneration plants. The electrical output of one of these plants that is not used in our operations is sold to a California investor-owned utility, Pacific Gas and Electric under a power purchase and sales agreement that expires in November 2026.
Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied; generally, this occurs upon delivery of the electricity. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive based on CAISO market pricing with payment due the month following delivery. We recognize electricity revenue using the output method and consider our performance obligations to be satisfied upon delivery of electricity or as the contracted amount of capacity is made available to the customer in the case of capacity payments.
Revenue from Marketing of Purchased Commodities
From time-to-time, we enter into transactions for third-party production, which we report as revenue from marketing of purchased commodities on our consolidated statements of operations. Revenues from marketing of purchased commodities results from (1) the storage or transportation of natural gas to take advantage of differences in pricing or location, (2) marketing oil sales that have resulted from third-party purchases or (3) sales of NGLs from inventory storage. To transport our natural gas as well as third-party volumes, we have entered into firm pipeline transportation commitments. We report associated expense related to the cost of marketing purchased commodities in operating expenses on our consolidated statements of operations. We consider our performance obligations to be satisfied upon transfer of control of the commodity.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year ended December 31, |
| 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| | | | | |
| (in millions) |
| Oil | $ | 86 | | | $ | 99 | | | $ | — | |
| Natural gas | 144 | | | 128 | | | 401 | |
Natural gas liquids | 8 | | | 8 | | | 6 | |
| | | | | |
Revenue from marketing of purchased commodities | $ | 238 | | | $ | 235 | | | $ | 407 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |