Income TaxesThe reconciliation of income tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to our effective income tax rate is as follows:
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| | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| | Amount | Percent | | Amount | Percent | | Amount | Percent |
| U.S. federal statutory tax rate | | $22,658 | 21.0 | % | | $18,664 | 21.0 | % | | $16,755 | 21.0 | % |
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect(a) | | 3,957 | 3.7 | | | 3,463 | 3.9 | | | 2,639 | 3.3 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Foreign tax effects | | 83 | 0.1 | | | 54 | 0.1 | | | 293 | 0.4 | |
| Effect of cross-border tax laws | | | | | | | | | |
| Foreign derived intangible income | | (699) | (0.7) | | | (2,448) | (2.8) | | | (1,987) | (2.5) | |
| Other | | 153 | 0.1 | | | 150 | 0.2 | | | 0 | — | |
| Tax credits | | | | | | | | | |
| Research and development tax credits | | (2,296) | (2.1) | | | (2,065) | (2.3) | | | (2,480) | (3.1) | |
| Foreign tax credits | | (24) | — | | | 0 | — | | | 0 | — | |
| Nontaxable or nondeductible items | | | | | | | | | |
| Share-based payment awards | | 3,998 | 3.7 | | | 7,098 | 8.0 | | | 6,544 | 8.2 | |
| Nondeductible executive compensation | | 1,712 | 1.6 | | | 1,018 | 1.1 | | | 710 | 0.9 | |
| Return to provision adjustments | | 2,994 | 2.8 | | | 822 | 0.9 | | | 3,288 | 4.1 | |
| Other | | (170) | (0.2) | | | 264 | 0.3 | | | 56 | 0.1 | |
| Changes in unrecognized tax benefits | | (1,178) | (1.1) | | | (973) | (1.1) | | | 329 | 0.4 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Effective income tax rate | | $31,188 | 28.9 | % | | $26,047 | 29.3 | % | | $26,147 | 32.8 | % |
(a) State taxes in California, Pennsylvania and Utah made up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the tax effect in this category for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2023. California and Utah made up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the tax effect in this category for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Differences between the Company’s effective tax rate and the statutory tax rate relate primarily to state income taxes, stock-based compensation, tax credits, prior year return to provision adjustments and changes in unrecognized tax benefits during the period. Deferred taxes reflect the net tax effects of the temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and the amount used for income tax purposes.
Significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets are comprised of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | December 31, |
| | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| (in thousands) | | | | |
| Deferred tax assets: | | | | |
| Inventories | | $ | 7,731 | | | $ | 11,457 | |
| Lease liability | | 2,807 | | | 3,633 |
| Accounts receivable | | 422 | | | 642 | |
| Sales refund liability | | 579 | | | 689 | |
| Deferred revenue | | 701 | | | 693 | |
| Stock-based compensation | | 4,919 | | | 6,152 | |
| Amortization | | 133 | | | 164 | |
| Capitalized research expenditures | | 2,306 | | | 22,291 | |
| Net operating loss carryforwards | | 153 | | | 130 | |
| Capital loss carryforwards | | 61 | | | 102 | |
| Tax credits | | 3,695 | | | 3,338 | |
| Other | | (166) | | | 879 | |
| Total deferred tax assets | | 23,341 | | | 50,170 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities: | | | | |
| Depreciation and amortization | | (7,505) | | | (7,658) | |
| ROU lease asset | | (2,626) | | | (3,326) | |
| Total deferred tax liabilities | | (10,131) | | | (10,984) | |
| Net deferred tax assets | | $ | 13,210 | | | $ | 39,186 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| (in thousands) | | | | | | |
| Current: | | | | | | |
| Federal | | $ | 3,169 | | | $ | 24,854 | | | $ | 32,140 | |
| State | | 1,477 | | | 5,108 | | | 4,695 | |
| Foreign | | 485 | | | 403 | | | 549 | |
| Total current | | 5,131 | | | 30,365 | | | 37,384 | |
| Deferred: | | | | | | |
| Federal | | 22,738 | | | (3,692) | | | (9,561) | |
| State | | 3,341 | | | (581) | | | (1,713) | |
| Foreign | | (22) | | | (45) | | | 37 |
| Total deferred | | 26,057 | | | (4,318) | | | (11,237) | |
| Income tax provision | | $ | 31,188 | | | $ | 26,047 | | | $ | 26,147 | |
Income taxes paid (net of refunds) are comprised of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| (in thousands) | | | | | |
| Federal | $9,962 | | $40,464 | | $21,100 |
| State | | | | | |
| California | 1,000 | | | * | | * |
| Utah | (3,585) | | | * | | * |
| Other states | 2,484 | | | 2,781 | | | 2,614 | |
| Foreign | 594 | | | 626 | | | 297 | |
| Total | $10,455 | | $43,871 | | $24,011 |
* The amount of income taxes paid during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 does not meet the 5% disaggregation threshold.
Income and expense from continuing operations are comprised of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| Pretax income: | | | | | |
| Domestic | $105,817 | | $87,050 | | $78,392 |
| Foreign | 2,076 | | | 1,827 | | | 1,391 | |
| Total | $107,893 | | $88,877 | | $79,783 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| Income tax expense: | | | | | |
| Federal | $25,907 | | $21,162 | | $22,580 |
| State | 4,818 | | | 4,527 | | | 2,982 | |
| Foreign | 463 | | | 358 | | | 585 | |
| Total | $31,188 | | $26,047 | | $26,147 |
There are immaterial foreign net operating loss carryforwards set to expire in 2026. The Company establishes valuation allowances if it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company believes that it will generate sufficient future taxable income to realize the net operating loss deferred tax asset and other net deferred tax assets recorded in our consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company has not recorded incremental income taxes for outside basis differences in our investments in foreign subsidiaries, as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations.
As of December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, $5.7 million, $6.4 million and $7.1 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits would affect our effective tax rate if recognized. The total balance of unrecognized gross tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, resulted primarily from research and development credits, foreign derived intangible income differences, inventory basis differences and the release of reserves due to the expiration of statutes of limitation. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| (in thousands) | | | | | | |
| Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year | | $ | 6,376 | | | $ | 7,148 | | | $ | 3,988 | |
| Reductions based on prior year tax positions | | — | | | — | | | (159) | |
| Additions based on prior year tax provisions | | 286 | | | 159 | | | 2,691 | |
| Additions based on current year tax provisions | | 951 | | | 921 | | | 996 | |
| Reductions due to tax authorities’ settlements | | — | | | (98) | | | — | |
| Reductions due to expirations of statutes of limitation | | (1,873) | | | (1,754) | | | (368) | |
| Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year | | $ | 5,740 | | | $ | 6,376 | | | $ | 7,148 | |
The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, interest or penalties related to income tax matters included in the provision for income taxes have not been material.
The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal and state income tax examinations for tax years prior to 2022.