CRH PUBLIC LTD COCRH
CRH PUBLIC LTD CO Revenue Disclosure
2. Revenue
The Company disaggregates revenue based on its operating and reportable segments. The Company’s operating and reportable segments are: (1) Americas Materials Solutions, (2) Americas Building Solutions, and (3) International Solutions.
The Company disaggregates revenue based on its operating and reportable segments. The Company’s operating and reportable segments are: (1) Americas Materials Solutions, (2) Americas Building Solutions, and (3) International Solutions.
Revenue is disaggregated by principal activities and products and by primary geographic market. Business lines are reviewed and evaluated as follows: (1) Essential Materials, (2) Road Solutions, (3) Building & Infrastructure Solutions, and (4) Outdoor Living Solutions.
The Essential Materials businesses manufacture and supply aggregates and cementitious materials for use in a range of construction and industrial applications.
Road Solutions support the manufacturing, installation and maintenance of public highway infrastructure projects and commercial infrastructure.
Building & Infrastructure Solutions provide products that connect and protect critical water, energy and telecommunications infrastructure and deliver complex commercial building projects.
Outdoor Living Solutions integrate specialized materials, products and design features to enhance the quality of private and public spaces.
| For the year ended December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||
| in $ millions | Americas Materials Solutions | Americas Building Solutions | International Solutions | Total | ||||||||||
| Principal activities and products | ||||||||||||||
| Essential Materials | 5,195 | – | 5,179 | 10,374 | ||||||||||
| Road Solutions (i) | 11,834 | – | 5,255 | 17,089 | ||||||||||
| Building & Infrastructure Solutions (ii) | – | 2,632 | 2,236 | 4,868 | ||||||||||
| Outdoor Living Solutions | – | 4,490 | 626 | 5,116 | ||||||||||
| Total revenues | 17,029 | 7,122 | 13,296 | 37,447 | ||||||||||
| For the year ended December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||
| in $ millions | Americas Materials Solutions | Americas Building Solutions | International Solutions | Total | ||||||||||
| Principal activities and products | ||||||||||||||
| Essential Materials | 4,793 | – | 4,767 | 9,560 | ||||||||||
| Road Solutions (i) | 11,380 | – | 4,930 | 16,310 | ||||||||||
| Building & Infrastructure Solutions (ii) | – | 2,569 | 1,998 | 4,567 | ||||||||||
| Outdoor Living Solutions | – | 4,490 | 645 | 5,135 | ||||||||||
| Total revenues | 16,173 | 7,059 | 12,340 | 35,572 | ||||||||||
| For the year ended December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||
| in $ millions | Americas Materials Solutions | Americas Building Solutions | International Solutions | Total | ||||||||||
| Principal activities and products | ||||||||||||||
| Essential Materials | 4,583 | – | 4,876 | 9,459 | ||||||||||
| Road Solutions (i) | 10,852 | – | 4,814 | 15,666 | ||||||||||
| Building & Infrastructure Solutions (ii) | – | 2,524 | 2,174 | 4,698 | ||||||||||
| Outdoor Living Solutions | – | 4,493 | 633 | 5,126 | ||||||||||
| Total revenues | 15,435 | 7,017 | 12,497 | 34,949 | ||||||||||
(i) Revenue from contracts with customers in the Road Solutions principal activities and products category that is recognized over time for the years ended December 31 were:
| in $ millions | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||
| Americas Materials Solutions | 6,578 | 6,426 | 6,146 | ||||||||
| International Solutions | 1,651 | 1,880 | 2,004 | ||||||||
| Total revenue from contracts with customers | 8,229 | 8,306 | 8,150 | ||||||||
(ii) Revenue from contracts with customers in the Building & Infrastructure Solutions principal activities and products category that is recognized over time for the years ended December 31 were:
| in $ millions | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||
| Americas Building Solutions | 51 | 81 | 70 | ||||||||
| International Solutions | 413 | 486 | 573 | ||||||||
| Total revenue from contracts with customers | 464 | 567 | 643 | ||||||||
| For the year ended December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||
| in $ millions | Americas Materials Solutions | Americas Building Solutions | International Solutions | Total | ||||||||||
| Primary geographic markets | ||||||||||||||
| United States | 15,882 | 6,814 | 138 | 22,834 | ||||||||||
| Rest of World (i) | 1,147 | 308 | 2,018 | 3,473 | ||||||||||
| United Kingdom | – | – | 3,767 | 3,767 | ||||||||||
| Rest of Europe (ii) | – | – | 7,373 | 7,373 | ||||||||||
| Total revenues | 17,029 | 7,122 | 13,296 | 37,447 | ||||||||||
| For the year ended December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||
| in $ millions | Americas Materials Solutions | Americas Building Solutions | International Solutions | Total | ||||||||||
| Primary geographic markets | ||||||||||||||
| United States | 14,975 | 6,736 | 123 | 21,834 | ||||||||||
| Rest of World (i) | 1,198 | 323 | 1,199 | 2,720 | ||||||||||
| United Kingdom | – | – | 3,994 | 3,994 | ||||||||||
| Rest of Europe (ii) | – | – | 7,024 | 7,024 | ||||||||||
| Total revenues | 16,173 | 7,059 | 12,340 | 35,572 | ||||||||||
| For the year ended December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||
| in $ millions | Americas Materials Solutions | Americas Building Solutions | International Solutions | Total | ||||||||||
| Primary geographic markets | ||||||||||||||
| United States | 14,088 | 6,692 | 150 | 20,930 | ||||||||||
| Rest of World (i) | 1,347 | 325 | 633 | 2,305 | ||||||||||
| United Kingdom | – | – | 4,312 | 4,312 | ||||||||||
| Rest of Europe (ii) | – | – | 7,402 | 7,402 | ||||||||||
| Total revenues | 15,435 | 7,017 | 12,497 | 34,949 | ||||||||||
(i) The Rest of World principally includes Australia, Canada and the Philippines.
(ii) The Rest of Europe principally includes Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine. Revenues generated in the Republic of Ireland represented approximately 2%, 2%, and 3% of our consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
Contract assets were $525 million and $690 million and contract liabilities were $405 million and $500 million, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in contract assets was primarily attributed to the timing of billings partially offset by revenue recognized on certain contracts. The decrease in contract liabilities was due to revenue recognized during the period and the timing of advance payments. The Company recognized revenue of $354 million and $387 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which was previously included in the contract liability balance as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Contract assets include unbilled revenue and retentions held by customers in respect of construction contracts as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 amounting to $299 million and $226 million, and $450 million and $240 million respectively. Unbilled revenue represents the estimated value of unbilled work for projects with performance obligations recognized over time. Retentions represent amounts that have been billed to customers but payment is withheld until final acceptance of the performance obligation by the customer. Retentions that have been billed, but are not due until completion of performance and acceptance by customers, are generally expected to be collected within one year. The Company applies the practical expedient and does not adjust any of its transaction prices for the time value of money.
On December 31, 2025, the Company had $3,114 million of transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations. The majority of open contracts as of December 31, 2025, are expected to close and revenue to be recognized within 12 months of the balance sheet date.
Revenue from sales to equity method investments for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were $302 million, $296 million, and $221 million, respectively.
About Revenue Disclosures
Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.
Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.