12. Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Shareholders

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by adjusting weighted-average shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period using the treasury stock method. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, stock options, unvested restricted common shares and ESPP shares are considered to be common stock equivalents but are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share, as their effect would be

anti-dilutive; therefore, basic and diluted net loss per share were the same for all periods presented as a result of the Company's net loss. The Company’s net loss is net loss attributable to common shareholders for all periods presented.

The Company did not include the securities in the following table in the computation of the net loss per share calculations for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 because the effect would have been anti-dilutive during each period:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Outstanding options

 

 

6,747,835

 

 

 

7,288,883

 

 

 

7,204,372

 

Unvested restricted common shares

 

 

1,965,567

 

 

 

2,397,643

 

 

 

1,781,415

 

ESPP

 

 

11,426

 

 

 

19,522

 

 

 

16,026

 

Total

 

 

8,724,828

 

 

 

9,706,048

 

 

 

9,001,813

 

About Earnings Per Share Disclosures

The earnings per share disclosure breaks down the calculation from net income to both basic and diluted EPS, revealing the full impact of a company's capital structure on per-share economics. The reconciliation between basic and diluted share counts exposes how many stock options, RSUs, convertible securities, and warrants are potentially dilutive to existing shareholders.

Key signals: a widening gap between basic and diluted shares indicates growing dilution from equity compensation or convertible instruments. Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the diluted calculation deserve attention — they represent latent dilution that will materialize if the stock price rises. Watch for the effect of share buybacks on per-share metrics: EPS growth driven primarily by repurchases rather than income growth signals weakening fundamentals. Compare year-over-year changes in the diluted share count against equity compensation expense to assess whether management is effectively managing dilution.