DOMINION ENERGY, INC Commitments Disclosure

Note 23. Commitments and Contingencies

Environmental Matters

The Companies are subject to costs resulting from a number of federal, state and local laws and regulations designed to protect human health and the environment. These laws and regulations affect future planning and existing operations. They can result in increased capital, operating and other costs as a result of compliance, remediation, containment and monitoring obligations.

Air

The CAA, as amended, is a comprehensive program utilizing a broad range of regulatory tools to protect and preserve the nation’s air quality. At a minimum, state-established regulatory programs are required to meet applicable requirements of the CAA. However, states may choose to develop regulatory programs that are more restrictive. Many of the Companies’ facilities are subject to the CAA’s permitting and other requirements.

Ozone Standards

The EPA published final non-attainment designations for the October 2015 ozone standards in June 2018 with states required to develop plans to address the new standard. Certain states in which the Companies operate have developed plans, and had such plans approved or partially approved by the EPA, which are not expected to have a material impact on the Companies’ results of operations or cash flows. In March 2023, the EPA issued a final rule specifying an interstate federal implementation plan to comply with certain aspects of planning for the 2015 ozone standards which was applicable in August 2023 for certain states, including Virginia. The interstate federal implementation plan imposes tighter NOX emissions limits during the ozone season and includes provisions for the use of allowances to cover such emissions. Unless and until implementation plans for the 2015 ozone standards are fully developed and approved and in effect for all states in which the Companies operate, the Companies are unable to predict whether or to what extent the new rules will ultimately require additional controls. The expenditures required to implement additional controls could have a material impact on the Companies’ results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows.

Carbon Regulations

In August 2016, the EPA issued a draft rule proposing to reaffirm that a source’s obligation to obtain a PSD or Title V permit for GHGs is triggered only if such permitting requirements are first triggered by non-GHG, or conventional, pollutants that are regulated by the New Source Review program, and exceed a significant emissions rate of 75,000 tons per year of CO2 equivalent emissions. Until the EPA ultimately takes final action on this rulemaking, the Companies cannot predict the impact to their results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows.

Water

The CWA, as amended, is a comprehensive program requiring a broad range of regulatory tools including a permit program to authorize and regulate discharges to surface waters with strong enforcement mechanisms. The Companies must comply with applicable aspects of the CWA programs at their operating facilities.

Regulation 316(b)

In October 2014, the final regulations under Section 316(b) of the CWA that govern existing facilities and new units at existing facilities that employ a cooling water intake structure and that have flow levels exceeding a minimum threshold became effective. The rule establishes a national standard for impingement based on seven compliance options, but forgoes the creation of a single technology standard for entrainment. Instead, the EPA has delegated entrainment technology decisions to state regulators. State regulators are to make case-by-case entrainment technology determinations after an examination of five mandatory facility-specific factors, including a social cost-benefit test, and six optional facility-specific factors. The rule governs all electric generating stations with water withdrawals above two MGD, with a heightened entrainment analysis for those facilities over 125 MGD. Dominion Energy and Virginia Power currently have 14 and eight facilities, respectively, that are subject to the final regulations. Dominion Energy is also working with the EPA and state regulatory agencies to assess the applicability of Section 316(b) to eight hydroelectric facilities, including three Virginia Power facilities. The Companies anticipate that they may have to install impingement control technologies at certain of these stations that have once-through cooling systems. The Companies are currently evaluating the need

or potential for entrainment controls under the final rule as these decisions will be made on a case-by-case basis after a thorough review of detailed biological, technological, and cost benefit studies. DESC is conducting studies and implementing plans as required by the rule to determine appropriate intake structure modifications at certain facilities to ensure compliance with this rule. While the impacts of this rule could be material to the Companies’ results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows, the existing regulatory frameworks in South Carolina and Virginia provide rate recovery mechanisms that could substantially mitigate any such impacts for the regulated electric utilities.

Effluent Limitations Guidelines

In September 2015, the EPA released a final rule to revise the Effluent Limitations Guidelines for the Steam Electric Power Generating Category. The final rule established updated standards for wastewater discharges that apply primarily at coal and oil steam generating stations. Affected facilities are required to convert from wet to dry or closed cycle coal ash management, improve existing wastewater treatment systems and/or install new wastewater treatment technologies in order to meet the new discharge limits. In April 2017, the EPA granted two separate petitions for reconsideration of the Effluent Limitations Guidelines final rule and stayed future compliance dates in the rule. Also in April 2017, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit granted the EPA’s request for a stay of the pending consolidated litigation challenging the rule while the EPA addresses the petitions for reconsideration. In September 2017, the EPA signed a rule to postpone the earliest compliance dates for certain waste streams regulations in the Effluent Limitations Guidelines final rule from November 2018 to November 2020; however, the latest date for compliance for these regulations was December 2023. In October 2020, the EPA released the final rule that extended the latest dates for compliance with individual facilities’ compliance dates that would vary based on circumstances and the determination by state regulators and may range from 2021 to 2028. In May 2024, the EPA released a final rule revising the 2015 and 2020 Effluent Limitations Guidelines, establishing more stringent standards for wastewater discharges for the Steam Electric Power Generating Category, which apply primarily to wastewater discharges at coal and oil steam generating stations. In December 2025, the EPA released a final rule that, among other things, extended the deadlines promulgated in the May 2024 final rule. Individual facilities’ compliance dates will vary based on circumstances and the determination by state regulators and may range from 2029 to 2034. Dominion Energy expects to complete wastewater treatment technology retrofits and modifications at its Williams generating station, with a similar project at its Wateree generation station under evaluation, to meet the requirements with the existing regulatory framework in South Carolina providing rate recovery mechanisms for costs of the projects. As discussed in Note 14, the Companies recorded an increase to their AROs in 2024 in connection with the expected compliance costs associated with the EPA’s May 2024 final rule concerning CCR. The Companies expect that such AROs would satisfy any AROs that would have otherwise been necessary for compliance with the EPA’s May 2024 Effluent Limitations, as amended by the December 2025 final rule. Dominion Energy is currently unable to estimate what costs, if any, may be required in addition to the project for the Williams generating station, a potential project at the Wateree generating station and the recorded AROs to meet the requirements to operate certain facilities past 2034. However, Dominion Energy expects that while such costs for facility improvements, if required, could be material to the Companies’ financial condition and/or cash flows, the existing regulatory frameworks in Virginia and South Carolina provide rate recovery mechanisms that could substantially mitigate any such impacts.

Waste Management and Remediation

The operations of the Companies are subject to a variety of state and federal laws and regulations governing the management and disposal of solid and hazardous waste, and release of hazardous substances associated with current and/or historical operations. The CERCLA, as amended, and similar state laws, may impose joint, several and strict liability for cleanup on potentially responsible parties who owned, operated or arranged for disposal at facilities affected by a release of hazardous substances. In addition, many states have created programs to incentivize voluntary remediation of sites where historical releases of hazardous substances are identified and property owners or responsible parties decide to initiate cleanups.

From time to time, the Companies may be identified as a potentially responsible party in connection with the alleged release of hazardous substances or wastes at a site. Under applicable federal and state laws, the Companies could be responsible for costs associated with the investigation or remediation of impacted sites, or subject to contribution claims by other responsible parties for their costs incurred at such sites. The Companies also may identify, evaluate and remediate other potentially impacted sites under voluntary state programs. Remediation costs may be subject to reimbursement under the Companies’ insurance policies, rate recovery mechanisms or both. Except as described below, the Companies do not believe these matters will have a material effect on results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows.

Dominion Energy has determined that it is associated with former manufactured gas plant sites, including certain sites associated with Virginia Power. At four sites associated with Dominion Energy, remediation work has been substantially completed under federal or state oversight. Where required, the sites are following state-approved groundwater monitoring programs. Dominion Energy has proposed remediation plans for one site at Virginia Power and expects to commence remediation activities in 2026 depending on receipt of final permits and approvals. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, Dominion Energy had $53 million and $56 million, respectively, of reserves recorded including a charge of $25 million ($19 million after-tax) that Virginia Power recorded in 2024, reflected in other operations and maintenance expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, Virginia Power had $48 million and $50 million of reserves recorded, respectively. Dominion Energy is associated with three additional sites, including two associated with Virginia Power, which are not under investigation by any state or federal environmental agency nor the subject of any current or proposed plans to perform remediation activities. Due to the uncertainty surrounding such sites, the Companies are unable to make an estimate of the potential financial statement impacts.

Other Legal Matters

The Companies are defendants in a number of lawsuits and claims involving unrelated incidents of property damage and personal injury. Due to the uncertainty surrounding these matters, the Companies are unable to make an estimate of the potential financial statement impacts; however, they could have a material impact on results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows. In 2024, Dominion Energy resolved a claim associated with operations included in the East Ohio Transaction and at December 31, 2024, Dominion Energy’s Consolidated Balance Sheet includes a $30 million offsetting reserve and insurance receivable for this claim. The related charge in Dominion Energy’s Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2024 is inconsequential.

SCANA Legal Proceedings

The following describes certain legal proceedings involving Dominion Energy, SCANA or DESC relating primarily to events occurring before closing of the SCANA Combination. No reference to, or disclosure of, any proceeding, item or matter described below shall be construed as an admission or indication that such proceeding, item or matter is material. For certain of these matters, and unless otherwise noted therein, Dominion Energy is unable to estimate a reasonable range of possible loss and the related financial statement impacts, but for any such matter there could be a material impact to its results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows. For the matters for which Dominion Energy is able to reasonably estimate a probable loss, Dominion Energy's Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2025 and 2024 included an inconsequential amount of reserves primarily related to personal injury or wrongful death cases. During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, charges included in Dominion Energy’s Consolidated Statements of Income were inconsequential.

Matters Fully Resolved Prior to 2025 Impacting the Consolidated

Financial Statements

Governmental Proceedings and Investigations

In June 2018, DESC received a notice of proposed assessment of approximately $410 million, excluding interest, from the SCDOR following its audit of DESC’s sales and use tax returns for the periods September 1, 2008 through December 31, 2017. The proposed assessment, which includes 100% of the NND Project, is based on the SCDOR’s position that DESC’s sales and use tax exemption for the NND Project does not apply because the facility will not become operational. In December 2020, the parties reached an agreement in principle in the amount of $165 million to resolve this matter. In June 2021, the parties executed a settlement agreement which allows DESC to fund the settlement amount through a combination of cash, shares of Dominion Energy common stock or real estate with an initial payment of at least $43 million in shares of Dominion Energy common stock. In 2021 and 2022, Dominion Energy issued shares of its common stock to partially satisfy its obligation under the settlement agreement. In June 2022, DESC requested approval from the South Carolina Commission to transfer certain real estate with a total settlement value of $51 million to satisfy its remaining obligation under the settlement agreement. In July 2022, the South Carolina Commission voted to approve the request and issued its final order in August 2022. In 2022, DESC transferred certain non-utility property to the SCDOR to partially satisfy its obligation under the settlement agreement. In October 2022, DESC filed for approval to transfer the remaining real estate with FERC which was received in November 2022. In March 2023, DESC transferred utility property with a fair value of $10 million to the SCDOR resulting in a gain of $9 million ($7 million after-tax), recorded in other operations and maintenance expense (reflected in the Corporate and Other segment) in Dominion Energy’s Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2023. In June 2023, DESC transferred the remaining utility property with a fair value of $11 million to the SCDOR resulting in a gain of $11 million ($8 million after-tax), recorded in other operations and maintenance expense (reflected in the Corporate and Other segment) in Dominion Energy’s Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2023. In July 2023, DESC made a less than $1 million cash payment to the SCDOR to fully satisfy its remaining obligation, including applicable interest, under the settlement agreement.

Nuclear Operations

Nuclear Decommissioning – Minimum Financial Assurance

The NRC requires nuclear power plant owners to annually update minimum financial assurance amounts for the future decommissioning of their nuclear facilities. Decommissioning involves the decontamination and removal of radioactive contaminants from a nuclear power station once operations have ceased, in accordance with standards established by the NRC. The 2025 calculation for the NRC minimum financial assurance amount, aggregated for Dominion Energy and Virginia Power’s nuclear units, excluding joint owners’ assurance amounts and Millstone Unit 1, as this unit is in a decommissioning state, was $3.5 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, and has been satisfied by a combination of the funds being collected and deposited in the nuclear decommissioning trusts and the real annual rate of return growth of the funds allowed by the NRC. The 2025 NRC minimum financial assurance amounts above were calculated using preliminary December 31, 2025 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics indices. Dominion Energy believes that decommissioning funds and their expected earnings will be sufficient to cover expected decommissioning costs for the Millstone units. In addition, Dominion Energy believes that the decommissioning funds and their expected earnings will be sufficient to cover expected decommissioning costs for the Summer unit, particularly when combined with future ratepayer collections and contributions. The Companies believe the decommissioning funds and their expected earnings for the Surry and North Anna units will be sufficient to cover decommissioning costs, particularly when combined with future ratepayer collections and contributions to these decommissioning trusts, if such future collections and contributions are required. This reflects a positive long-term outlook for trust fund investment returns as the decommissioning of the units will not be complete for decades. The Companies will continue to monitor these trusts to ensure they meet the NRC minimum financial assurance requirement, which may include, if needed, the use of parent company guarantees, surety bonding or other financial instruments recognized by the NRC. See Note 9 for additional information on nuclear decommissioning trust investments.

Nuclear Insurance

The Price-Anderson Amendments Act of 1988 provides the public up to $16.3 billion of liability protection on a per site, per nuclear incident basis, via obligations required of owners of nuclear power plants, and allows for an inflationary provision adjustment every five years. During the first quarter of 2024, the total liability protection per nuclear incident available to all participants in the Secondary Financial Protection Program increased from $16.2 billion to $16.3 billion. These increases do not impact Dominion Energy’s responsibility per active unit under the Price-Anderson Amendments Act of 1988. The Companies have purchased $500 million of coverage from commercial insurance pools for Millstone, Summer, Surry and North Anna with the remainder provided through the mandatory industry retrospective rating plan. In the event of a nuclear incident at any licensed nuclear reactor in the U.S., the Companies could be assessed up to $166 million for each of their licensed reactors not to exceed $25 million per year per reactor. There is no limit to the number of incidents for which this retrospective premium can be assessed. The current levels of nuclear property insurance coverage for Millstone, Summer, Surry and North Anna are all $1.06 billion.

The Companies’ nuclear property insurance coverage for Millstone, Summer, Surry and North Anna meets the NRC minimum requirement for nuclear power plant licensees of $1.06 billion per reactor site. This includes coverage for premature decommissioning and functional total loss. The NRC requires that the proceeds from this insurance be used first, to return the reactor to and maintain it in a safe and stable condition and second, to decontaminate the reactor and station site in accordance with a plan approved by the NRC. Nuclear property insurance is provided by NEIL, a mutual insurance company, and is subject to retrospective premium assessments in any policy year in which losses exceed the funds available to the insurance company. Dominion Energy and Virginia Power’s maximum retrospective premium assessment for the current policy period is $58 million and $31 million, respectively. Based on the severity of the incident, the Board of Directors of the nuclear insurer has the discretion to lower or eliminate the maximum retrospective premium assessment. The Companies have the financial responsibility for any losses that exceed the limits or for which insurance proceeds are not available because they must first be used for stabilization and decontamination. Additionally, DESC maintains an excess property insurance policy with the European Mutual Association for Nuclear Insurance. The policy provides coverage to Summer for property damage and outage costs up to $1 million. The European Mutual Association for Nuclear Insurance policy permits retrospective assessments under certain conditions to cover insurer’s losses. Based on the current annual premium, DESC’s share of the retrospective premium assessment would not exceed an inconsequential amount.

Millstone, Virginia Power and Summer also purchase accidental outage insurance from NEIL to mitigate certain expenses, including replacement power costs, associated with the prolonged outage of a nuclear unit due to direct physical damage. Under this program, the Companies are subject to a retrospective premium assessment for any policy year in which losses exceed funds available to NEIL. Dominion Energy and Virginia Power’s maximum retrospective premium assessment for the current policy period is $39 million and $11 million, respectively.

ODEC, a part owner of North Anna, Santee Cooper, a part owner of Summer and Massachusetts Municipal and Green Mountain, part owners of Millstone’s Unit 3, are responsible to the Companies for their share of the nuclear decommissioning obligation and insurance premiums on applicable units, including any retrospective premium assessments and any losses not covered by insurance.

Spent Nuclear Fuel

The Companies entered into contracts with the DOE for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel under provisions of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982. The DOE failed to begin accepting the spent fuel on January 31, 1998, the date provided by the Nuclear Waste Policy Act and by the Companies’ contracts with the DOE. The Companies have previously received damages award payments and settlement payments related to these contracts.

By mutual agreement of the parties, the settlement agreements are extendable to provide for resolution of damages incurred after 2013. The settlement agreements for the Surry, North Anna and Millstone nuclear power stations have been extended and provided for periodic payments for damages incurred through December 31, 2025. In December 2025, the DOE notified the Companies that it intends to extend these agreements through December 31, 2028 and future additional extensions are contemplated by the settlement agreements. A similar agreement for Summer extends until the DOE has accepted the same amount of spent fuel from the facility as if it has fully performed its contractual obligations.

In 2025, Virginia Power received payments of $26 million for resolution of claims incurred at North Anna and Surry for the period of January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023. In addition, Dominion Energy received payments of $14 million for resolution of claims incurred at Millstone for the period of July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024 and $3 million for resolution of its share of claims incurred at Summer for the period of January 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024.

In 2024, Virginia Power received payments of $16 million for resolution of claims incurred at North Anna and Surry for the period of January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022. In addition, Dominion Energy received payments of $11 million for resolution of claims incurred at Millstone for the period of July 1, 2022 through June 30, 2023 and $2 million for resolution of its share of claims incurred at Summer for the period of January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023.

In 2023, Virginia Power received payments of $22 million for resolution of claims incurred at North Anna and Surry for the period of January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021. In addition, Dominion Energy received payments of $8 million for resolution of claims incurred at Millstone for the period of July 1, 2021 through June 30, 2022 and $6 million for resolution of its share of claims incurred at Summer for the period of January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022.

The Companies continue to recognize receivables for certain spent nuclear fuel-related costs that they believe are probable of recovery from the DOE. Dominion Energy’s receivables for spent nuclear fuel-related costs totaled $70 million and $83 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Virginia Power’s receivables for spent nuclear fuel-related costs totaled $53 million and $62 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Companies will continue to manage their spent fuel until it is accepted by the DOE.

Offshore Wind Decommissioning – Minimum Financial Assurance

BOEM requires entities holding a commercial lease for offshore wind facilities to provide financial assurance, as annually determined by BOEM, for future decommission of such facilities including those under development. Decommissioning costs include removing or decommissioning all facilities, projects, cables, pipelines and obstructions, as well as clearing the seafloor of all obstructions created by activities on the leased acreage. The most recent financial assurance calculation received from BOEM for the CVOW Commercial Project, based on its expected completion, was $1.6 billion. As discussed in Note 13, Virginia Power’s November 2024 application for Rider OSW filed with the Virginia Commission was approved in August 2025 and included a proposal for Virginia Power to establish a decommissioning trust fund associated with the CVOW Commercial Project. The applicable amount included within the total revenue requirement of Rider OSW will be allocated for such purposes. To the extent that the minimum financial assurance requirements are not able to be met from such decommissioning trust funds, Virginia Power may be required to utilize parent company guarantees, surety bonding or other financial instruments recognized by BOEM.

Long-Term Purchase Agreements

Guarantees, Surety Bonds and Letters of Credit

In addition, Dominion Energy had issued an additional $20 million of guarantees at December 31, 2025, primarily to support third-parties. No amounts related to these guarantees have been recorded.

In 2025, Dominion Energy entered into two guarantee agreements to support a portion of Valley Link’s financing obligations under a $180 million revolving credit facility and up to $120 million of letters of credit. Dominion Energy’s obligation under these guarantees is only triggered if a Valley Link project is cancelled and Valley Link cannot pay outstanding balances related to the cancelled project. Dominion Energy’s maximum potential loss exposure under the terms of the guarantees is limited to 30% of outstanding borrowings, an equal percentage to Dominion Energy’s ownership in Valley Link. At December 31, 2025, Valley Link had borrowed $41 million against the revolving credit facility and had $90 million outstanding letters of credit. No amounts related to these guarantees has been recorded at Dominion Energy.

Dominion Energy also had issued three guarantees at December 31, 2025 related to Cove Point, previously an equity method investment, in support of terminal services and transportation. Two of the Cove Point guarantees have a cumulative

maximum exposure of $1.9 billion while the other one guarantee has no maximum limit. No amounts related to these guarantees have been recorded.

Additionally, at December 31, 2025, Dominion Energy had purchased $528 million of surety bonds, including $456 million at Virginia Power, and authorized the issuance of letters of credit by financial institutions, as discussed in Note 17, to facilitate commercial transactions by its subsidiaries with third-parties. Under the terms of surety bonds, the Companies are obligated to indemnify the respective surety bond company for any amounts paid.

Indemnifications

As part of commercial contract negotiations in the normal course of business, the Companies may sometimes agree to make payments to compensate or indemnify other parties for possible future unfavorable financial consequences resulting from specified events. The specified events may involve an adverse judgment in a lawsuit or the imposition of additional taxes due to a change in tax law or interpretation of the tax law. The Companies are unable to develop an estimate of the maximum potential amount of any other future payments under these contracts because events that would obligate them have not yet occurred or, if any such event has occurred, they have not been notified of its occurrence. However, at December 31, 2025, the Companies believe any other future payments, if any, that could ultimately become payable under these contract provisions, would not have a material impact on their results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

Charitable Commitments

Dominion Energy’s Consolidated Balance Sheets include $43 million and $32 million in other deferred credits and other liabilities at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively and $15 million and $21 million in other current liabilities at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, for charitable commitments. In 2025 and 2024, Dominion Energy made unconditional promises to charitable organizations and as a result recorded charges totaling $42 million ($42 million after-tax) and $72 million ($54 million after-tax) in other income (expense) in its Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, reflected in the Corporate and Other segment. These commitments are primarily to be funded at various intervals through 2032.