Note 9 Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes consists of the following:

 

For the year ended December 31,

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Current federal income tax provision

 

$

12,412,990

 

 

$

11,122,669

 

 

$

9,974,451

 

Current state and local income tax expense

 

 

3,037,819

 

 

 

3,038,022

 

 

 

2,731,661

 

Deferred income tax expense (benefit)

 

 

2,470,682

 

 

 

1,672,382

 

 

 

2,783,768

 

Provision for income taxes

 

$

17,921,491

 

 

$

15,833,073

 

 

$

15,489,880

 

 

Net income before income taxes and income tax expense consists of the following:

 

For the year ended December 31,

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Income before income taxes - Domestic

 

$

67,281,490

 

 

$

59,010,991

 

 

$

58,575,428

 

Income before income taxes - Foreign

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

Net income before income taxes

 

$

67,281,490

 

 

$

59,010,991

 

 

$

58,575,428

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income tax expense - Domestic

 

$

(17,921,491

)

 

$

(15,833,073

)

 

$

(15,489,880

)

Income tax expense - Foreign

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

Total income tax expense

 

$

(17,921,491

)

 

$

(15,833,073

)

 

$

(15,489,880

)

 

The following table reconciles the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate:

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

Amount

 

 

Percent

 

 

Amount

 

 

Percent

 

 

Amount

 

 

Percent

 

Statutory U.S. federal income tax
   rate

 

$

14,129,113

 

 

 

21.0

%

 

$

12,392,308

 

 

 

21.0

%

 

$

12,300,840

 

 

 

21.0

%

State and local income taxes, net of
   federal benefit

 

 

2,960,386

 

 

 

4.4

%

 

 

2,714,506

 

 

 

4.6

%

 

 

2,753,045

 

 

 

4.7

%

Internal revenue code section 162
   limitations

 

 

874,659

 

 

 

1.3

%

 

 

826,154

 

 

 

1.4

%

 

 

761,481

 

 

 

1.3

%

Other

 

 

159,177

 

 

 

0.2

%

 

 

(99,895

)

 

 

(0.2

)%

 

 

(91,184

)

 

 

(0.2

)%

Unconsolidated effective income tax
   rate

 

 

18,123,335

 

 

 

26.9

%

 

 

15,833,073

 

 

 

26.8

%

 

 

15,724,182

 

 

 

26.8

%

Impact attributable to redeemable
   noncontrolling interest
(a)

 

 

(201,844

)

 

 

(0.3

%)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(234,302

)

 

 

(0.4

)%

Effective income tax rate

 

$

17,921,491

 

 

 

26.6

%

 

$

15,833,073

 

 

 

26.8

%

 

$

15,489,880

 

 

 

26.4

%

 

(a)
The provision for income taxes includes expense (benefit) attributable to the fact that the Company’s operations include the Consolidated Funds, which are not subject to federal income taxes. Accordingly, a portion of the Company’s earnings are not subject to corporate tax levels.

Income taxes paid (net of refunds) were as follows:

 

For the year ended December 31,

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Federal

 

$

11,586,428

 

 

$

10,698,803

 

 

$

9,100,000

 

State - New York

 

 

585,138

 

 

 

740,376

 

 

 

785,440

 

State - Other

 

 

1,000,072

 

 

 

916,366

 

 

 

867,989

 

Local - Columbus, OH

 

 

1,040,000

 

 

 

1,200,000

 

 

 

1,650,000

 

Local - Other

 

 

260,000

 

 

 

535,000

 

 

 

460,000

 

Total Income taxes paid

 

$

14,471,638

 

 

$

14,090,545

 

 

$

12,863,429

 

 

Income taxes paid are disaggregated by jurisdiction when such jurisdiction represents five percent or more of total income taxes paid in any period presented. Columbus, Ohio represented five percent or more of total income taxes paid in each of the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023. New York represented five percent or more of total income taxes paid in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Although New York did not meet the five percent threshold in 2025, it is presented separately for consistency and comparability, as income taxes paid in that jurisdiction were close to the quantitative threshold.

Deferred income taxes and benefits arise from temporary differences between taxable income for financial statement and income tax return purposes. Net deferred tax assets consisted of the following as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

 

 

Year Ended
December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Stock-based compensation

 

$

2,604,816

 

 

$

2,649,082

 

Accrued compensation

 

 

11,471,484

 

 

 

10,696,310

 

Unrealized gains

 

 

(5,951,558

)

 

 

(3,257,452

)

Property and equipment

 

 

(741,221

)

 

 

(194,110

)

Other assets and liabilities

 

 

63,853

 

 

 

24,226

 

Net deferred tax assets

 

$

7,447,374

 

 

$

9,918,056

 

 

The net temporary differences incurred to date will reverse in future periods as the Company generates taxable earnings. The Company believes it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the net deferred tax assets recorded. The Company records a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2025, no valuation allowance was deemed necessary.

FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and also provides guidance on derecognition,

classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company recognizes tax benefits related to positions taken, or expected to be taken, on its tax returns, only if the positions are “more-likely-than-not” sustainable. Once this threshold has been met, the Company’s measurement of its expected tax benefits is recognized in its financial statements. The Company did not record an accrual for tax-related uncertainties or unrecognized tax positions as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company does not expect a change to the reserve for uncertain tax positions within the next twelve months that would have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns with the Internal Revenue Service and the taxing authorities of various states. Generally, the Company is subject to federal, state, and local examinations by tax authorities for the tax years ended December 31, 2021 through 2025.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 26, 2026Showing above
2017Feb 22, 2018

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.