Recently adopted accounting standards
In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2023-08, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60):
Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets (“ASU 2023-08”). ASU 2023-08 requires digital assets to be measured at fair value as of the end of each reporting period in the balance sheet, with gains and losses from changes in fair value
of the digital assets recognized in net income for each reporting period. We determine the fair value of bitcoin and Cronos in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, based on quoted
(unadjusted) prices on its principal market. This update also requires certain interim and annual disclosures for digital assets within the scope of the standard. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2025. The adoption of this standard
had a material impact on the presentation of our consolidated financial statements, due to our addition of digital assets to our balance sheet.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU, 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires additional
disaggregated disclosures on an entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation and additional details on income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective on a prospective basis, with the option for retrospective application, for annual periods
beginning after December 15, 2024. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2025 on a prospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2023-09 affected only our disclosures in the financial statements. See Note 9.
Recently issued accounting standards
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. ASU 2024-03 is
effective prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting period after the effective date or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements, for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026
and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. Adoption of this guidance will result in additional disclosures within our consolidated results of operations.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, Debt (Subtopic 470-20): Debt with Conversion and Other Options. ASU 2024-04 clarifies the assessment
of whether a transaction should be accounted for as an induced conversion or extinguishment of convertible debt when changes are made to conversion features as part of an offer to settle the instrument. ASU 2024-04 is effective for
reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted for entities that have adopted ASU 2020-06. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2024-04 to have a
material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-03, Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidation (Topic 810):
Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity. ASU 2025-03 revises current guidance for determining the accounting acquirer for a transaction effected primarily by exchanging equity interests in which
the legal acquiree is a variable interest entity that meets the definition of a business. The amendments require that an entity consider the same factors that are currently required for determining which entity is the accounting acquirer in
other acquisition transactions. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. We plan to adopt ASU 2025-03 for our fiscal year
beginning January 1, 2026. We do not expect this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurements of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and
Contract Assets. The amendments in this update provide a practical expedient related to the estimation of expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets that arise from transactions accounted for
under ASC 606. Under ASU 2025-05, an entity is required to disclose whether it has elected to use the practical expedient. An entity that makes the accounting policy election is required to disclose the date through which subsequent cash
collections are evaluated. ASU 2025-05 is effective for us beginning in the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026. We are currently evaluating the impacts of the adoption of ASU 2025-05 on our consolidated financial statements.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the
Accounting for Internal-Use Software. ASU 2025-06 modernizes the outdated guidance for accounting for software costs by aligning the accounting with how software is developed today. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods
beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this ASU should be applied either prospectively, retrospectively, or utilizing a modified transaction approach. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU
2025-06 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.