EARNINGS PER SHARE CALCULATIONS
The following tables provide earnings per share calculations of Dow Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. In accordance with the accounting guidance for earnings per share, earnings (loss) per share of TDCC is not presented as this information is not required in financial statements of wholly owned subsidiaries.

Net Income (Loss) for Earnings Per Share Calculations202520242023
In millions
Net income (loss)$(2,444)$1,201 $660 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests179 85 71 
Net income attributable to participating securities 1
11 12 11 
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$(2,634)$1,104 $578 
1.Restricted stock units are considered participating securities due to the Company's practice of paying dividend equivalents on unvested shares.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share - Basic and Diluted202520242023
Dollars per share
Earnings (loss) per common share - basic$(3.70)$1.57 $0.82 
Earnings (loss) per common share - diluted$(3.70)$1.57 $0.82 
Share Count Information202520242023
Shares in millions
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic711.6 703.8 705.7 
Plus dilutive effect of equity compensation plans 1
— 1.3 3.3 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted 711.6 705.1 709.0 
Stock options and restricted stock units excluded from EPS calculations 2
23.6 10.8 9.6 
1.The year ended December 31, 2025 reflected a net loss and, as such, the basic share count was used for purposes of calculating earnings (loss) per share on a diluted basis.
2.These outstanding stock units were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the effect of including them would have been antidilutive.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 3, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 4, 2025
2023Jan 31, 2024
2022Feb 1, 2023
2021Feb 4, 2022
2019Feb 7, 2020

About Earnings Per Share Disclosures

The earnings per share disclosure breaks down the calculation from net income to both basic and diluted EPS, revealing the full impact of a company's capital structure on per-share economics. The reconciliation between basic and diluted share counts exposes how many stock options, RSUs, convertible securities, and warrants are potentially dilutive to existing shareholders.

Key signals: a widening gap between basic and diluted shares indicates growing dilution from equity compensation or convertible instruments. Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the diluted calculation deserve attention — they represent latent dilution that will materialize if the stock price rises. Watch for the effect of share buybacks on per-share metrics: EPS growth driven primarily by repurchases rather than income growth signals weakening fundamentals. Compare year-over-year changes in the diluted share count against equity compensation expense to assess whether management is effectively managing dilution.