Segment Reporting
The Company operates as a single reportable segment, Insurance Operations, providing workers' compensation insurance through its wholly owned subsidiaries.
The segment represents the Company's traditional business offered through its agents, including business originated from its strategic partnerships and alliances and its direct-to-customer business. Revenues for the Insurance Operations segment are generated primarily from earned workers' compensation premiums, investment income and realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments. The Company does not have intra-entity sales or transfers.
The Company considers an operating segment to be any component of its business whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the CODM (the President and Chief Executive Officer) to make key decisions about resources to be allocated and to assesses its performance. Performance is determined based on multiple measures, including net income, the Company’s combined ratio and the Company’s adjusted stockholders' equity. Net income, which is reported on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), is a comprehensive measure used to determine the Company’s overall profitability. The combined ratio, which is a widely-used measure used in the property and casualty insurance industry, is used to determine whether the Company is generating an underwriting profit or loss. Adjusted stockholders' equity and adjusted book value per share, which are non-GAAP measures of financial strength and overall performance, serve as performance measures for PSUs and are defined in the footnotes to the tables below.
The measurement of segment assets is reported on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as Total assets. The accounting policies of the Insurance Operations segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (see Note 2).
Under ASU 2023-07, the Company is required to disclose segment reporting requirements even as a single reportable segment, which includes additional disclosures regarding profit and loss information, as well as a further breakdown of significant expenses. The following table summarizes the Company's written premiums, components of net income, and significant segment expenses.
Insurance Operations
Total
(in millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2025
Gross premiums written$756.1 $756.1 
Net premiums written750.1 750.1 
Net premiums earned761.9 761.9 
Net investment income116.7 116.7 
Net realized and unrealized (losses) on investments
(20.4)(20.4)
Other income
0.5 0.5 
Total revenues858.7 858.7 
Losses and loss adjustment expenses581.8 581.8 
Commission expense97.9 97.9 
Compensation-related expenses(1)
98.7 98.7 
Information technology expenses(1)    
11.2 11.2 
Professional fees(1)
20.3 20.3 
Depreciation and amortization expenses(1)
14.2 14.2 
Other underwriting expenses(1) (2)
8.8 8.8 
AO and other expense allocations(3)
(39.0)(39.0)
Premium taxes and assessments
28.8 28.8 
Policyholder dividends
8.5 8.5 
CECL related to premiums receivable
13.9 13.9 
Interest and financing expenses0.5 0.5 
Other non-recurring expenses
1.1 1.1 
Total expenses846.7 846.7 
Net income before income taxes
12.0 12.0 
Income tax expense
1.2 1.2 
Net income(4)
$10.8 $10.8 
Combined ratio
110.9 %110.9 %
Adjusted stockholder's equity:
Stockholders' equity
$955.7 $955.7 
Deferred reinsurance gain - LPT Agreement
88.0 88.0 
Accumulated other comprehensive (income), net of tax
(7.3)(7.3)
Adjusted stockholder's equity(5)
$1,036.4 $1,036.4 
Shares outstanding
20,342,13520,342,135
Adjusted book value per share(6)
$50.95 $50.95 
Insurance OperationsTotal
(in millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Gross premiums written$776.3 $776.3 
Net premiums written769.5 769.5 
Net premiums earned749.5 749.5 
Net investment income107.0 107.0 
Net realized and unrealized gains on investments
24.1 24.1 
Other income
0.1 0.1 
Total revenues880.7 880.7 
Losses and loss adjustment expenses456.2 456.2 
Commission expense101.2 101.2 
Compensation-related expenses(1)
108.9 108.9 
Information technology expenses(1)    
12.0 12.0 
Professional fees(1)
19.3 19.3 
Depreciation and amortization expenses(1)
16.7 16.7 
Other underwriting expenses(1) (2)
9.4 9.4 
AO and other expense allocations(3)
(48.0)(48.0)
Premium taxes and assessments
29.5 29.5 
Policyholder dividends
11.2 11.2 
CECL related to premiums receivable 17.5 17.5 
Interest and financing expenses0.1 0.1 
Total expenses734.0 734.0 
Net income before income taxes
146.7 146.7 
Income tax expense
28.1 28.1 
Net income(4)
$118.6 $118.6 
Combined ratio
97.9 %97.9 %
Adjusted stockholder's equity:
Stockholders' equity
$1,068.7 $1,068.7 
Deferred reinsurance gain - LPT Agreement
94.0 94.0 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax
82.5 82.5 
Adjusted stockholder's equity(5)
$1,245.2 $1,245.2 
Shares outstanding
24,556,70624,556,706
Adjusted book value per share(6)
$50.71 $50.71 
Insurance Operations
Total
(in millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Gross premiums written$767.7 $767.7 
Net premiums written760.6 760.6 
Net premiums earned721.9 721.9 
Net investment income106.5 106.5 
Net realized and unrealized gains on investments
22.7 22.7 
Other (loss)
(0.2)(0.2)
Total revenues850.9 850.9 
Losses and loss adjustment expenses405.7 405.7 
Commission expense100.0 100.0 
Compensation-related expenses(1)
109.2 109.2 
Information technology expenses(1)    
12.8 12.8 
Professional fees(1)
22.1 22.1 
Depreciation and amortization expenses(1)
21.5 21.5 
Other underwriting expenses(1) (2)
12.6 12.6 
AO and other expense allocations(3)
(46.5)(46.5)
Premium taxes and assessments
27.9 27.9 
Policyholder dividends
10.3 10.3 
CECL related to premiums receivable
10.1 10.1 
Interest and financing expenses5.8 5.8 
Other non-recurring expenses
11.0 11.0 
Total expenses702.5 702.5 
Net income before income taxes
148.4 148.4 
Income tax expense
30.3 30.3 
Net income(4)
$118.1 $118.1 
Combined ratio
95.0 %95.0 %
Adjusted stockholder's equity:
Stockholders' equity
$1,013.9 $1,013.9 
Deferred reinsurance gain - LPT Agreement
99.2 99.2 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax
86.0 86.0 
Adjusted stockholder's equity(5)
$1,199.1 $1,199.1 
Shares outstanding
25,369,75325,369,753
Adjusted book value per share(6)
$47.26 $47.26 
(1)Certain underwriting expenses are shown prior to adjusting and other (AO) and other expense allocations.
(2)Other underwriting segment expenses include marketing and advertising, travel, corporate insurance, payment processing fees and other miscellaneous expenses.
(3)AO allocations consist of those underwriting expenses that relate to claims handling activities, which are allocated to loss adjustment expenses. Other allocations consist primarily of those underwriting expenses that relate to investing activities, which are allocated to net investment income, and nurse billing expenses that constitute defense and cost containment (DCC) costs, which are allocated to loss adjustment expenses.
(4)There are no reconciling adjustments to consolidated net income.
(5)Adjusted stockholders' equity is a non-GAAP measure and is defined as: Total stockholder's equity plus deferred reinsurance gain - LPT agreement less accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax.
(6)Adjusted book value per share is a non-GAAP measure calculated by dividing adjusted stockholder's equity by shares outstanding.
Entity-Wide Disclosures
The Company operates solely within the United States and does not have revenue from transactions with a single policyholder accounting for 10% or more of its revenues. Gross premiums written represent the past twelve consecutive months of the Company's new and renewal premiums including policy endorsements and final audit premiums. The Company's management focuses on gross premiums written to evaluate financial performance and ensure a comprehensive assessment of growth and stability. Additionally, the Company focuses on policies in-force as they represent policies available for renewal in the future. The following table shows our gross premiums written, number of policies in-force for each of our largest states and all other states combined, plus or minus our additional premiums, which includes final audit premium accruals, non-compliant surcharges, and assigned risk premiums as of December 31:
202520242023
State
Gross Premiums Written
Policies
In-force
Gross Premiums Written
Policies
In-force
Gross Premiums Written
Policies
In-force
(dollars in millions)
California$347.9 45,800 $348.3 44,540 $332.9 43,353 
Florida66.0 11,319 62.3 10,943 62.5 10,008 
New York40.7 8,217 39.5 7,938 36.5 7,603 
Other (43 states and D.C.)300.7 68,269 324.4 67,346 315.8 65,445 
Total excluding adjustments
$755.3 133,605 $774.5 130,767 $747.7 126,409 
Final audit premium accruals
(14.7)— (16.5)— 3.6 — 
Surcharges and assigned risk premiums
15.5 — 18.3 — 16.4 — 
Total
$756.1 133,605 $776.3 130,767 $767.7 126,409 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 26, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 28, 2025
2023Feb 26, 2024
2022Feb 24, 2023
2021Feb 24, 2022
2020Feb 23, 2021
2019Feb 20, 2020

About Segments Disclosures

Segment disclosures break a company into its reportable operating units, revealing revenue, profit, and asset allocation that consolidated financial statements obscure. Under ASC 280, segments must match how the chief operating decision maker views the business, providing a window into internal management structure and resource allocation priorities.

Key signals: compare segment margins to identify which units drive profitability and which destroy value. Watch for changes in the number of reportable segments — segment aggregation or disaggregation often coincides with strategic shifts or attempts to obscure declining performance. Intersegment elimination patterns reveal internal pricing practices. The reconciliation between segment totals and consolidated figures exposes corporate overhead allocation and unallocated items. Geographic revenue concentration highlights regulatory and currency exposure. Compare segment-level capital expenditure against segment revenue to assess where management is investing for future growth versus harvesting existing assets.