FutureFuel Corp. Revenue Disclosure
| 4. | REVENUE RECOGNITION |
The majority of revenue is from contracts with less than one-year arrangements with revenue recognized when a single performance obligation to transfer product under the terms of a contract with a customer is satisfied.
Certain of the Company’s custom chemical contracts within the chemical segment contain a material right, as defined by ASC Topic 606, from the provision of a customer option to purchase future goods or services at a discounted price as a result of upfront payments provided by customers. Each contract also has a performance obligation to transfer products with 30-day payment terms. The Company recognizes revenue when the customer takes control of the inventory, either upon shipment or when the material is made available for pick up. If the customer is deemed to take control of the inventory prior to pick up, the Company recognizes the revenue as a bill-and-hold transaction in accordance with ASC Topic 606. The Company applies the renewal option approach in allocating the transaction price to these material rights and transfer of product. As a basis for allocating the transaction price to the material right and transfer of product, the Company estimates the expected life of the contract, the expected contractual volumes to be sold over that life, and the most likely expected sales price. Each estimate is updated quarterly on a prospective basis.
The Company leases warehouse space under a short-term lease agreement with a term of twelve months. Lease revenue recognized under this agreement was $680 and $669 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Contract Assets and Liabilities:
Contract assets consist of unbilled amounts resulting from revenue recognized through bill-and-hold arrangements. The contract assets for 2025 and 2024 consist of unbilled revenue from one customer and unbilled capital reimbursements from another customer and are recorded as accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets. Contract liabilities consist of advance payments related to material rights recorded as deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets. Increases to contract liabilities from cash received or due for a performance obligation of chemical segment plant expansions were $9,725 and $0 in 2025 and 2024, respectively. Contract liabilities are reduced as the Company transfers product to the customer under the renewal option approach. Revenue recognized in the chemical segment from the contract liability reductions were $551 and $8,984 in 2025 and 2024, respectively. One contract liability ended in 2024 with additional revenue recognition of $5,492 in 2024. This contract was expected to be negotiated before the end of the year based on a letter of intent and was not renewed. The customer continues to purchase material from the Company on a short-term purchased order basis. Contract asset and liability balances are reported on the consolidated balance sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.
The following table provides the opening and closing balances of receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.
Contract balances
Contract Assets and Liabilities
| December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Trade receivables, included in accounts receivable* | $ | 8,660 | $ | 14,991 | $ | 15,897 | ||||||
| Contract assets, included in accounts receivable | 745 | 222 | 1,128 | |||||||||
| Contract liabilities, included in Deferred revenue - short-term | 1,519 | 697 | 3,656 | |||||||||
| Contract liabilities, included in Deferred revenue - long-term | 11,644 | 3,293 | 9,318 | |||||||||
*Exclusive of the BTC of $0, $6,683, and $11,381, respectively, and net of allowances for bad debt of $28, $29, and $55, respectively, as of the dates noted.
The Company includes non-contract liabilities resulting from federal and state railroad grants as deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, short-term non-contract liabilities were $207 and $207 and long-term non-contract liabilities were $2,809 and $3,031, respectively.
Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations of contract liabilities
As of December 31, 2025, approximately $13,163 of revenue is expected to be recognized in the future from remaining performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize this revenue ratably based upon the expected sales over the expected term of its long-term contracts which range from to years. Approximately 12% of this revenue is expected to be recognized over the next 12 months, and 88% is expected to be recognized between and years. These amounts are subject to change based upon changes in the estimated contract life, estimated quantities, and most-likely expected sales price over the contract life. See Note 2 for further information.
Disaggregation of revenue - contractual and non-contractual
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Contract revenue from customers with > 1-year arrangements | $ | 18,066 | $ | 21,887 | $ | 37,055 | ||||||
| Contract revenue from customer with < 1-year arrangements | 77,454 | 221,230 | 330,973 | |||||||||
| Revenue from non-contractual arrangements | 222 | 222 | 222 | |||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 95,742 | $ | 243,339 | $ | 368,250 | ||||||
Timing of revenue
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Bill-and-hold revenue | $ | 36,690 | $ | 43,959 | $ | 43,766 | ||||||
| Non-bill-and-hold revenue | 59,052 | 199,380 | 324,484 | |||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 95,742 | $ | 243,339 | $ | 368,250 | ||||||
Bill-and-hold transactions consisted of five specialty chemical customers in 2025, 2024, and 2023, whereby revenue was recognized in accordance with contractual agreements based on product produced, readied for use and loaded into customer provided containers. These sales were subject to written monthly purchase orders with revenue recognized upon production and loading into customer provided containers. The inventory was segregated from other Company inventory as it was custom manufactured and stored at the customer’s request and could not be sold to another buyer. Credit and payment terms for bill-and-hold transactions are similar to other specialty chemical customers. Sales revenue under bill-and-hold arrangements totaled $36,690, $43,959, and $43,766, for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Of the bill-and-hold sales revenue recognized, $5,106, , and $4,317 had not been shipped for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. These balances do not include contract assets that have not been billed or shipped as described above.
The Company’s revenues for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 attributable to the United States and foreign countries (based upon the billing addresses of its customers) were as follows.
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| United States | $ | 94,790 | $ | 242,685 | $ | 367,368 | ||||||
| All Foreign Countries | 952 | 654 | 882 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 95,742 | $ | 243,339 | $ | 368,250 | ||||||
For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, no revenues from a single foreign country were greater than 1% of total revenues.
Historical Timeline
| Fiscal Year | Filed | |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Mar 16, 2026 | Showing above |
| 2024 | Mar 31, 2025 | |
| 2023 | Mar 14, 2024 | |
| 2022 | Mar 14, 2023 | |
| 2021 | Mar 15, 2022 | |
About Revenue Disclosures
Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.
Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.