Farmland Partners Inc. Income Taxes Disclosure
Note 11—Income Taxes
The TRS income/(loss) before provision for income taxes consisted of the following:
For the years ended | ||||||
($ in thousands) | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||
United States | $ | (421) | $ | (338) | ||
International | — | — | ||||
Total | $ | (421) | $ | (338) | ||
The federal and state income tax provision (benefit) is summarized as follows:
For the years ended | ||||||
($ in thousands) | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||
Current: | ||||||
Federal | $ | 5 | $ | 2 | ||
State | — | — | ||||
Total Current Tax Expense | $ | 5 | $ | 2 | ||
Deferred: | ||||||
Federal | 82 | (18) | ||||
State | (102) | — | ||||
Total Tax (Benefit) Expense | $ | (15) | $ | (16) | ||
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of (a) temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, and (b) operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. The tax effects of significant items comprising the TRS’s deferred taxes as of December 31, 2025 are as follows:
($ in thousands) | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||
Deferred tax assets: | ||||||
Net operating loss | $ | 2,057 | $ | 1,986 | ||
Stock Compensation | — | 12 | ||||
Charitable Contributions | — | 5 | ||||
CECL Adjustment | 136 | — | ||||
Total deferred tax assets | $ | 2,193 | 2,003 | |||
Deferred tax liabilities: | ||||||
Fixed assets | $ | (10) | $ | (13) | ||
Intangible Assets | — | (86) | ||||
Installment Sale | (56) | — | ||||
Total deferred tax liabilities | $ | (66) | $ | (99) | ||
Valuation Allowance | (2,128) | (1,925) | ||||
Net deferred taxes | $ | (1) | $ | (21) | ||
ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses, temporary differences and credit carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is “more likely than not.” Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the TRS’s ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. Because of the TRS’s recent history of operating losses, and management’s inability to accurately project future taxable income, management believes that recognition of the deferred tax assets arising from the above-mentioned future tax benefits is currently not likely to be realized and, accordingly, has provided a valuation allowance. The valuation allowance increased by $0.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2025. The amount of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets associated with excess tax deduction from stock-based incentive arrangements that is allocated to contributed capital if the future tax benefits are subsequently recognized is $0.0 million.
Net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2025 are as follows:
($ in thousands) | December 31, 2025 | Expiration Year | ||||
Net operating losses, federal (Post-December 31, 2017) | $ | 8,048 | Does not expire | |||
Net operating losses, state | $ | 5,288 | Various | |||
The effective tax rate of the TRS’s provision (benefit) for income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate as follows:
Tax (Benefit) Expense | |||||||
For the years ended December 31, | |||||||
($ in thousands | 2025 | | 2024 | ||||
Statutory Rate | $ | (88) | $ | (71) | |||
State Tax | (81) | (19) | |||||
Valuation Allowance | 154 | 74 | |||||
$ | (15) | $ | (16) | ||||
Tax Rate | |||||||
For the years ended December 31, | |||||||
2025 | | 2024 | |||||
Statutory Rate | 21.00 | % | 21.00 | % | |||
State Tax | 19.24 | % | 5.62 | % | |||
Valuation Allowance | (36.68) | % | (21.89) | % | |||
3.56 | % | 4.73 | % | ||||
Historical Timeline
| Fiscal Year | Filed | |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Feb 19, 2026 | Showing above |
| 2024 | Feb 20, 2025 | |
| 2023 | Feb 29, 2024 | |
| 2022 | Feb 23, 2023 | |
About Income Taxes Disclosures
The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.
Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.