Income Taxes
Earnings before income tax expense consist of (in thousands):
202520242023
Domestic$512,686 $484,088 $450,806 
Foreign128,514 105,195 157,996 
Total$641,200 $589,283 $608,802 
Income tax expense consists of (in thousands):
202520242023
Current
Federal$81,064 $62,402 $79,732 
State and local7,177 6,256 7,282 
Foreign35,656 28,481 23,779 
Current income tax expense123,897 97,139 110,793 
Deferred
Domestic4,459 8,344 (6,919)
Foreign(8,995)(2,284)(1,583)
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense(4,536)6,060 (8,502)
Total$119,361 $103,199 $102,291 

In the current year, we adopted a new income tax disclosure accounting standard. The disclosure was retrospectively applied to all periods presented.

Income taxes paid were as follows (in thousands):

202520242023
Federal$76,000 $68,000 $65,000 
State5,921 6,665 7,112 
Foreign29,370 29,569 39,174 
Total$111,291 $104,234 $111,286 

Income taxes paid (net of refunds) exceeded 5 percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds) in the following jurisdictions:

Foreign202520242023
Belgium**$8,732 
China**$7,806 
Switzerland**$6,230 
*Jurisdiction below the threshold for the period presented.

A reconciliation between the U.S. federal statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate follows (dollars in thousands):
202520242023
AmountPercentAmountPercentAmountPercent
Statutory tax rate$134,652 21.0 %$123,750 21.0 %$127,848 21.0 %
State taxes, net of federal effect6,285 1.0 5,756 1.0 5,897 1.0 
Tax effect of international operations(326)(0.1)4,106 0.7 (5,204)(0.9)
Cross-border tax law effects
 Foreign-derived intangible income(10,842)(1.7)(10,523)(1.8)(13,068)(2.1)
 Other996 0.2 1,589 0.3 (523)(0.1)
Tax credits(4,150)(0.7)(4,972)(0.8)(4,781)(0.8)
Nontaxable or nondeductible items
Share-based payment awards(6,068)(0.9)(14,888)(2.5)(10,315)(1.7)
Other(1,186)(0.2)(1,619)(0.4)2,437 0.4 
Effective tax rate$119,361 18.6 %$103,199 17.5 %$102,291 16.8 %
Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences between the financial reporting and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. The deferred tax (liabilities) assets resulting from these differences were as follows (in thousands):
20252024
Inventory valuations$5,605 $3,456 
Accrued self-insurance retentions1,712 1,187 
Accrued warranty and service liabilities3,545 2,392 
Vacation accruals3,718 3,409 
Customer allowances 6,496 4,080 
Excess of tax over book depreciation and amortization(101,010)(79,728)
Pension benefit obligation87 915 
Postretirement medical benefit obligation5,001 5,002 
Acquisition costs810 442 
Stock compensation14,823 12,634 
Deferred compensation2,911 5,305 
Net operating loss carryforward3,511 — 
Deferred revenue7,073 927 
Interest expenses5,132 — 
Research and development34,985 31,543 
Prepayments from foreign subsidiaries— 13,872 
Other4,868 3,652 
Net deferred tax (liabilities) assets$(733)$9,088 

Total deferred tax assets were $36 million and $47 million, and total deferred tax liabilities were $37 million and $38 million on December 26, 2025 and December 27, 2024, respectively. The difference between the deferred income tax provision and the change in net deferred income taxes is due to the changes in other comprehensive income (loss) items and acquisition purchase accounting.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various states and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2019.

The Company continues to assert that it will indefinitely reinvest earnings of foreign subsidiaries to support the expansion of its international business. No additional income or withholding taxes have been provided for any remaining undistributed foreign earnings, as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. As of December 26, 2025, the amount of cash held outside the U.S. was not significant to the Company’s liquidity and was available to fund investments abroad.

The Company records penalties and accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. Total reserves for uncertain tax positions were not material.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 17, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 18, 2025
2023Feb 20, 2024
2022Feb 21, 2023
2021Feb 22, 2022
2020Feb 16, 2021
2019Feb 18, 2020
2018Feb 19, 2019
2017Feb 20, 2018
2016Feb 21, 2017
2015Feb 16, 2016

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.