Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 by reportable segment, as well as other identifiable intangible assets, are summarized as follows:
 Goodwill
(in thousands)North America AutomotiveInternational AutomotiveIndustrialTotalOther Intangible Assets, Net
Balance as of January 1, 2024$363,159 $1,354,274 $1,017,248 $2,734,681 $1,792,913 
Additions98,638 152,726 32,775 284,139 218,286 
Amortization— — — — (142,994)
Foreign currency translation(6,679)(98,248)(16,624)(121,550)(69,174)
Balance as of December 31, 2024455,119 1,408,752 1,033,399 2,897,270 1,799,031 
Additions36,980 48,753 46,939 132,671 105,185 
Amortization— — — — (152,431)
Foreign currency translation4,797 144,116 9,961 158,874 103,929 
Balance as of December 31, 2025$496,896 $1,601,621 $1,090,299 $3,188,815 $1,855,714 
We completed our annual goodwill impairment testing as of October 1, 2025. We assess the value of our goodwill under either a quantitative or qualitative assessment for our reporting units. To complete a qualitative assessment, we evaluate historical revenue and operating profit growth trends, market conditions and other factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the reporting unit's goodwill is impaired. We complete quantitative assessments for reporting units that fail our qualitative assessments, or otherwise on a periodic basis. To complete a quantitative assessment, we calculate a reporting unit's fair value using a combination of income and market approaches, which involve significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). In the income approach, we primarily use these assumptions: projected revenue growth rates, EBITDA margins, the estimated weighted average cost of capital, and terminal value. In the market approach, we primarily use benchmark company market multiples. We believe the inputs and assumptions we use are consistent with those a hypothetical marketplace participant would use. Once calculated, we verify whether the reporting unit's fair value is higher than its carrying amount. If the fair value is lower, we recognize an impairment, generally for the difference. Based on these assessments, we did not recognize any goodwill impairments during 2025 or 2024.
Accumulated impairment losses for the International Automotive segment was $506,721 as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. We have not incurred any accumulated impairment losses for the North America Automotive or Industrial segments.
If there are sustained declines in macroeconomic or business conditions in future periods affecting the projected earnings and cash flows at our reporting units, among other things, there can be no assurance that goodwill at one or more reporting units may not be impaired.
Other Intangible Assets
The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization relating to other intangible assets at December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:
 20252024
(in thousands)Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNetGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet
Customer relationships$2,577,160 $(957,284)$1,619,876 $2,350,241 $(778,707)$1,571,534 
Other intangibles360,744 (124,906)235,838 369,744 (142,246)227,497 
$2,937,904 $(1,082,190)$1,855,714 $2,719,985 $(920,953)$1,799,031 
The valuation of identifiable intangible assets utilizes significant unobservable inputs and, therefore, represents a Level 3 fair value measurement. The estimated fair value of the identifiable intangible assets is generally determined using an income approach. Amortization expense for other intangible assets totaled $152 million, $143 million, and $147 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Estimated other intangible assets amortization expense for the succeeding five years is as follows (in thousands):
2026$150,000 
2027150,000 
2028150,000 
2029150,000 
2030140,000 
$740,000 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 20, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 21, 2025
2023Feb 22, 2024
2022Feb 23, 2023
2021Feb 17, 2022
2020Feb 19, 2021
2019Feb 21, 2020
2018Feb 25, 2019
2017Feb 27, 2018
2016Feb 27, 2017
2015Feb 26, 2016

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.