INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
In September 2023, the Company acquired patent rights valued at $5.0 million under a Patent License Agreement with UOP, an affiliate of Honeywell, a related party. These patent rights were recorded at fair value based on the value of the IP Warrants issued, as defined in Note 11, Common Stock Warrants, and are amortized over an average useful life of 19 years based on the remaining useful lives of the patents acquired. Amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0.3 million and $67 thousand, respectively.
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
CostAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountCostAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
Patents$4,990 $(334)$4,656 $4,990 $(67)$4,923 
Estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):
Intangible Assets
2025267 
2026267 
2027267 
2028267 
2029267 
Thereafter3,321 
Total future amortization$4,656 
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About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.