13. Per Share Calculations

 

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods presented below were calculated as follows:

 

   

Year Ended October 31,

 

(In thousands, except per share data)

 

2025

   

2024

   

2023

 
                         

Numerator:

                       

Net income

  $ 63,865     $ 242,008     $ 205,891  

Less: preferred stock dividends

    (10,675 )     (10,675 )     (10,675

Less: undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities

    (1,944 )     (8,454 )     (16,027 )

Numerator for basic earnings per share

  $ 51,246     $ 222,879     $ 179,189  

Plus: undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities

    1,944       8,454       16,027  

Less: undistributed earnings reallocated to participating securities

    (1,949 )     (8,605 )     (16,058 )

Numerator for diluted earnings per share

  $ 51,241     $ 222,728     $ 179,158  

Denominator:

                       

Denominator for basic earnings per share – weighted average shares outstanding

    6,449       6,479       6,230  

Effect of dilutive securities:

                       

Stock-based payments

    443       528       436  

Denominator for diluted earnings per share – weighted-average shares outstanding

    6,892       7,007       6,666  

Basic earnings per share

  $ 7.95     $ 34.40     $ 28.76  

Diluted earnings per share

  $ 7.43     $ 31.79     $ 26.88  


   There were no anti-dilutive shares in fiscal 2025 and 2024. Anti-dilutive shares were immaterial in fiscal 2023.

About Earnings Per Share Disclosures

The earnings per share disclosure breaks down the calculation from net income to both basic and diluted EPS, revealing the full impact of a company's capital structure on per-share economics. The reconciliation between basic and diluted share counts exposes how many stock options, RSUs, convertible securities, and warrants are potentially dilutive to existing shareholders.

Key signals: a widening gap between basic and diluted shares indicates growing dilution from equity compensation or convertible instruments. Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the diluted calculation deserve attention — they represent latent dilution that will materialize if the stock price rises. Watch for the effect of share buybacks on per-share metrics: EPS growth driven primarily by repurchases rather than income growth signals weakening fundamentals. Compare year-over-year changes in the diluted share count against equity compensation expense to assess whether management is effectively managing dilution.