Revenue and Expenses from Real Estate

For the Company’s office and multifamily properties, revenue from real estate is primarily comprised of rental income, including base rent and reimbursements of property operating expenses. For leases that have fixed and measurable base rent escalations, the Company recognizes base rent on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable lease terms. The difference between such rental income earned and the cash rent amount is recorded as straight-line rent receivable and presented within prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Reimbursement of property operating expenses arises from tenant leases which provide for the recovery of certain operating expenses and real estate taxes of the respective property. This revenue is accrued in the same periods as the expenses are incurred. Revenue and expenses are presented in the consolidated statements of income as “Revenue from real estate” and expenses are included in the “Real estate operating expenses,” as applicable.

Prior to September 28, 2023, the Company owned a hotel property classified as REO. Revenue from real estate also consists of revenue associated with the operations of the hotel property. Revenue from the operation of the hotel property was recognized when guestrooms were occupied, services had been rendered or fees had been earned. Revenues were recorded net of any discounts and sales and other taxes collected from customers. Revenues consisted of room sales, food and beverage sales and other hotel revenues. The Company sold the hotel on September 28, 2023.

About Revenue Disclosures

Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.

Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.