Stock Awards and Stock-Based Compensation
From time to time, the Company may issue stock awards in the form of Class A Common Stock grants, Restricted Stock Units (RSUs), or Class A Common Stock options with vesting/service terms. Stock awards are valued on the grant date using the Company’s common stock share price quoted on an active market. Stock options are valued using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model to determine the fair value of the options. We generally issue our awards in terms of a fixed monthly value, resulting in a variable number of shares being issued, or in terms of a fixed monthly share number.
During the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company entered into agreements with advisory board members and other external advisors to issue cash payments and stock awards in exchange for services rendered to the Company monthly. The total granted stock-based awards to advisory board members and other external advisors during the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 included grants totaling, $119 thousand and $55 thousand, respectively, and RSUs totaling $36 thousand and $6 thousand, respectively.
In addition to issuing stock awards to advisory board members and other external advisors, during the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company granted stock-based awards to multiple employees. The total granted stock-based awards to employees during the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 included grants totaling, $76 thousand and $32 thousand, respectively, options totaling $9 thousand and $6 thousand respectively and RSUs totaling $863 thousand and $1.22 million, respectively.
The following table summarizes stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:
Options
Outstanding
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
Per Share
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
Balance as of January 1, 202522,665 $84.28 1.27$— 
Options granted4,924 5.32
Options exercised— — 
Options canceled and forfeited(19,198)89.07
Balance as of December 31, 20258,39134.832.57— 
Options vested and exercisable as of December 31, 20258,391$34.83 2.57— 
The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding, exercisable, and vested is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and the fair value of the Company’s common stock. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $0.
The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $1.91 and $3.88 per share, respectively. The total grant-date fair value of options that vested during the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $9 thousand and $6 thousand, respectively.
The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:
For the years ended December 31,
20252024
Fair value of Class A Common Stock
$1.27 — $4.48
$0.75 — $10.81
Exercise price
$2.86 — $6.85
$8.18 — $24.60
Risk free interest rate
3.55 — 4.33%
3.51% — 4.71%
Expected dividend yield0.00 %0.00 %
Expected volatility
150.13% — 166.59%
79.19% — 164.97%
Expected term3 Years3 Years
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had 8,391 stock options outstanding of which all are fully vested options.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company has 25,041 common stock grants outstanding of which 20,107 were vested but not issued and 4,934 were not yet vested. All fully vest by December 31, 2026. The Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation related to common stock grants of $9 thousand as of December 31, 2025.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had 477,897 RSUs outstanding of which 4,070 were vested but not issued and 473,827 were not yet vested. All granted and outstanding RSUs will fully vest by January 1, 2027. The Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation related to RSUs of $158 thousand as of December 31, 2025.
A summary of outstanding RSU activity as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:
RSU Outstanding Number of Shares
Balance as of January 1, 202429,740
Granted69,539
Vested (issued)(22,146)
Forfeited(5,059)
Balance as of December 31, 202472,074
Granted478,027
Vested (issued)(51,771)
Forfeited(20,433)
Balance as of December 31, 2025477,897
Stock-based compensation expense
Our consolidated statements of operations include stock-based compensation expense as follows:
For the years ended December 31,
20252024
Cost of services$29,735 $6,476 
Research and development147,511 60,686 
Selling, general, and administrative924,899 1,248,761 
Total stock-based compensation expense$1,102,145 $1,315,923 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 31, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 31, 2025
2023Apr 1, 2024
2022Mar 30, 2023

About Stock Compensation Disclosures

Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.

Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.