DEBT
2020 Loan Agreement
In July 2020, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement, or the 2020 Loan Agreement, with Oxford Finance LLC and other lenders, or collectively, Oxford. Under the original 2020 Loan Agreement and subsequent amendments between November 2020 and October 2022, or collectively, the Amended 2020 Loan Agreement, the Company received an aggregate principal amount of $200.0 million over seven tranches, or Terms A-G.
Prior to the Separation, the outstanding term loans were to mature on January 1, 2027, or the Amended Maturity Date. Under the Amended 2020 Loan Agreement, and through the Separation, the repayment schedule provided for interest-only payments through February 1, 2025, followed by 23 months of principal and interest payments. Upon the Amended Maturity Date, a final payment of 9.0% of the original principal amount would be due to Oxford. This final payment of $18.0 million was being accreted over the life of the Amended 2020 Loan Agreement using the effective interest method. The Company had the option to prepay the outstanding balance of the term loans in full prior to the Amended Maturity Date, subject to a prepayment fee ranging from 1.0% to 3.0%, depending upon the timing of the prepayment.
In connection with the Separation, the Company’s outstanding debt was assumed by the Acquirer. Prior to the close of the Merger, the Company had $200.0 million in gross principal outstanding in term loans under the Amended 2020 Loan Agreement. The Acquirer assumed the outstanding debt balance in full, consisting of the $200.0 million in gross principal, the $18.0 million final payment fee, and accrued interest of $2.3 million, net of debt discounts of $9.0 million.
The Company determined the Acquirer’s assumption and subsequent repayment of the outstanding debt constitutes an extinguishment of the debt as the Company has been legally released from being the primary obligor under the liability. The Company did not make any payment upon the extinguishment of the debt and did not incur any prepayment penalties. Upon the Acquirer’s assumption of the outstanding debt, the Company recorded a gain of $211.3 million, the net carrying amount of the Amended 2020 Loans upon extinguishment, within the gain related to transaction with Acquirer in its consolidated statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Interest Expense
Prior to the Separation, interest expense was calculated using the effective interest method and was inclusive of non-cash amortization of the debt discount and accretion of the final payment. During the year ended December 31, 2024, interest expense was $13.5 million, $2.1 million of which related to non-cash amortization of the debt discount and accretion of the final payment.
2025 Loan Agreement
On January 13, 2025, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement, or the 2025 Loan Agreement, with Oxford, pursuant to which it received $100.0 million in gross proceeds. The 2025 Loan Agreement provides for an additional tranche of $50.0 million to be funded upon the Company's request and at Oxford’s sole discretion.
The outstanding term loan will mature on January 1, 2030, or the Maturity Date, and bears interest at (1) 5.61% plus (2) the greater of (i) the 1-Month Term Secured Overnight Financing Right as published by the CME Group or (ii) 4.34%. The repayment schedule provides for interest-only payments through February 1, 2028, with principal payments beginning on March 1, 2028. The interest-only period is followed by 23 months of equal payments of principal plus interest. Upon the earliest to occur of (i) the Maturity Date, (ii) the acceleration of any term loan under the Term Loan Facility, or (iii) prepayment of any term loan under the Term Loan Facility, the Company will be required to make a final payment of 9.0% of the total principal amount. This final payment of $9.0 million will be accreted over the life of the 2025 Loan Agreement using the effective interest method. The Company has the option to prepay the outstanding balance of the term loan in full prior to the Maturity Date, subject to a prepayment fee ranging from 2.0% to 5.0%, depending on the timing of the prepayment.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s outstanding debt balance under the 2025 Loan Agreement consisted of the following (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| | AS OF |
| | DECEMBER 31, 2025 |
| Term loan | | $ | 109,000 | |
| Less: debt discount | | (8,441) | |
| Long-term debt, including debt discount and final payment fee | | $ | 100,559 | |
The Company’s interest-only period will continue through February 2028, with principal payments beginning in March 2028. Future principal payments and final fee payments will be made as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| | AS OF |
| | DECEMBER 31, 2025 |
| 2028 | | $ | 43,478 | |
| 2029 | | 52,174 | |
| 2030 | | 13,348 | |
| Total future minimum payments | | 109,000 | |
| Less: unamortized debt discount | | (8,441) | |
| Total debt | | $ | 100,559 | |
The Company’s obligations under the 2025 Loan Agreement are secured by a first priority perfected lien on, and security interest in, substantially all present and future assets of the Company, subject to certain exceptions. The 2025 Loan Agreement includes customary events of default, including instances of a material adverse change in the Company’s operations, that may require prepayment of the outstanding term loans. The 2025 Loan Agreement also requires the Company to maintain a minimum liquidity threshold in the amount of $20.0 million, tested at all times, with such liquidity threshold subject to increase to $50.0 million or $75.0 million based on certain pipeline development changes. As of December 31, 2025, the Company is in compliance with all covenants under the 2025 Loan Agreement.
Concurrently with the debt issuance in January 2025, the Company issued to Oxford warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock equal to 2.0% of the funded amount, or $2.0 million, or the 2025 Oxford Warrants. Upon issuance, the warrants were exercisable for 140,741 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $14.21 per share. The 2025 Oxford Warrants are immediately exercisable, and the exercise period will expire 10 years from the date of issuance. Upon issuance, the warrants were classified as equity and recorded at their fair value of $1.7 million as additional paid-in-capital and as a debt discount which will be accreted over the life of the 2025 Loan Agreement using the effective interest method. See Note 4 for further discussion of these warrants.
Interest Expense
Interest expense is calculated using the effective interest method and is inclusive of non-cash amortization of the debt discount and accretion of the final payment at an effective interest rate of 12.9%. During the year ended December 31, 2025, interest expense was $12.2 million, $2.4 million of which related to non-cash amortization of the debt discount and accretion of the final payment.