15. Income Taxes

 

The Company has the following net deferred tax assets and liabilities:

 

  

December 31,

 
  

2025

  

2024

 

Goodwill and intangible assets

 $283,993  $425,865 

Developed technology

  (14,838)  2,866 

Property and equipment

  (7,246)  (12,565)

Other deferred tax assets

  414,021   320,815 

Settlements

  121,950   121,950 

Stock based compensation

  195,978   103,551 

Net operating loss

  11,863,418   10,365,248 

Valuation allowance

  (12,857,276)  (11,327,730)

Net deferred tax liability

 $-  $- 

 

The benefit for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, consists of the following:

 

  

Year Ended December 31,

 
  

2025

  

2024

 

Federal:

        

Current provision

 $-  $- 

Deferred tax benefit

  -   - 
  $-  $- 

State:

        

Current provision

 $-  $6,321 

Deferred tax benefit

  -   - 
  $-  $6,321 

Foreign:

        

Current provision

 $-  $- 

Deferred provision (benefit)

  -   - 
  $-  $- 

Income tax expense benefit

 $-  $6,321 

 

A reconciliation of taxes at the federal statutory rate to our provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2025, and 2024 is as follows (in thousands, except for percentages):

 

  

Year Ended December 31,

 
  

2025

  

2024

 

Expected federal statutory rate

  21.0%  21.0%

State income taxes, net of federal benefit

  6.1%  6.1%

Valuation allowance

  (23.5)%  (21.9)%

Permanent items

  (0.4)%  (1.0)%

Other

  (3.2)%  (4.2)%
   0.0%  (0.0)%

 

  

Year Ended December 31,

 
  

2025

  

2024

 

Expected federal statutory amount

 $(1,366) $(546)

State income taxes, net of federal benefit

  (397)  (159)

Valuation allowance

  1,530   570 

Permanent items

  24   27 

Other

  209   108 
  $-  $- 

 

The valuation allowance at December 31, 2025 was $12,857,276. The net change in the valuation allowance during the year ended December 31, 2025 was an increase of $1,529,546. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred income tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred income tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on consideration of these items, management has determined that enough uncertainty exists relative to the realization of the deferred income tax asset balances to warrant the application of a valuation allowance as of December 31, 2025.

 

At December 31, 2025, the Company had U.S. federal, Illinois, and New York net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $45,149,000, $26,698,000, and $11,995,000 respectively. Of the federal amount, $19,304,000 expires between 2034 and 2038, and $25,845,000 has an indefinite carryforward period. The Illinois losses may be carried forward 12 years and begin to expire in 2026. The New York losses may be carried forward 20 year and begin to expire in 2035. Certain tax attributes are subject to an annual limitation as a result of changes in ownership as defined under Internal Revenue Code Section 382. The Company files tax returns in multiple jurisdictions and is subject to examination in these jurisdictions. Significant jurisdictions in the U.S. include New York and Illinois.

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 31, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 31, 2025
2023Mar 29, 2024
2022Mar 31, 2023
2021Mar 31, 2022
2020Apr 9, 2021
2019May 4, 2020
2018Apr 16, 2019
2017Mar 30, 2018
2016Mar 31, 2017
2015Mar 30, 2016

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.