JFB Construction Holdings Segments Disclosure

Note 4 – Business Segment Information

Commercial Construction Segment

From ground-up developments to renovations and tenant improvements, we specialize in delivering high-quality commercial construction projects across various commercial sectors. This segment encompasses a wide range of projects, including office buildings, retail centers, hospitality establishments, and industrial facilities. The commercial segment, which includes two divisions, a franchise construction division and a general commercial construction division, represents a significant portion of JFB Construction’s revenue including approximately 50% for year ending December 31,2025 and 78% for year ending December 31,2024. .

Franchise industry construction build-outs were a key component of the past growth of JFB and will continue to be instrumental in our commercial construction business. These projects range in size from approximately 1,500 square foot projects to over 30,000 and are generally completed in less than four months. Leveraging years of experience, our team of professionals is adept at understanding the unique requirements of numerous franchise systems and national brands for our clients. Our collaborative approach and dedication to client satisfaction have positioned us as preferred builders within the franchise industry for highly valuable and recognizable corporate brands, allowing us to build lasting partnerships with franchisees and national brands alike. We are, however, tied to the continued

growth and success of the national brands, and their respective franchisees, for continued projects of this nature. By prioritizing the unique needs and objectives of each client, we attempt to deliver tailored solutions to meet the need of our franchise clients.

We also build ground-up commercial buildings. This includes site evaluation, aiding in architectural design and engineering, and construction of the building itself. Our approach ensures that the final product meets the functional and aesthetic requirements of modern businesses, while also adhering to budget and timeline constraints. We began building for Sweathouz Corporation and successfully completed three projects for them in 2025.

The commercial construction industry, specifically focusing on franchise business buildouts, is highly competitive and influenced by various market dynamics. Franchise business buildouts, such as restaurants, retail stores, fitness centers, and service-oriented businesses, require specialized construction services that cater to brand standards, tight timelines, and cost efficiency. Many franchise brands are expanding rapidly due to strong consumer demand, creating a substantial market for commercial construction services. Franchise buildouts often have aggressive schedules to meet the franchisor’s timelines, requiring contractors, including JFB, to work efficiently and minimize downtime. This fast-paced nature of the work means that contractors with streamlined processes, experienced project managers, and strong subcontractor networks have a competitive edge. Our management believes we possess such attributes and, as a result, are well positioned to continue being awarded contracts in this sector in the future.

Overall, according to Construct Connect news, their experts predict that the Commercial Construction industry will have modest growth in 2026 and beyond Further, nonresidential construction spending is projected to increase by over 4% in 2026 according to the American Institute of Architects. However, there is less encouraging information related to traditional office and retail sectors which are declining based on consumer trends and work from home initiatives. JFB will continue to monitor these trends as they occur and will consider shifting resources to adapt by focusing markets and regions where continued growth is projected.

Management expects the continued expansion of our franchise construction division across numerous states throughout the U.S. where our current and future clients require our services, with an emphasis on the Southeast. The Southeast, according to International Franchise Association, is the largest franchise market in the country and is expected to grow by 3.5%, whereas the total national franchise market is only expected to grow 1.9%. Our general commercial construction division will continue to focus on the Southern Atlantic region of the United States in the short to mid-term, focusing on regions where we forecast continued state-to-state migration and expanding population growth. We anticipate our franchise division growth to remain strong so long as we are able to continue to retain our current client base and continue to receive referrals within the industry.

Residential Construction Segment

With a focus on quality craftsmanship, we undertake residential construction and development projects that prioritize modern living spaces and contribute to vibrant communities. With the increasing demand for housing driven by population growth and urbanization, the residential development segment presents business opportunities for JFB Construction. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Florida was one of the fastest-growing economies in the country. Florida has also been one of the fastest growing states in terms of population and migration, with 22,517 added in 2025, according to a report issued by the Florida Times. JFB aims to capitalize on the increased GDP and population migration in Florida, which is drawing new residents because of its warmer climate, robust labor market and lack of state income tax, due to increased need for housing. In 2025, residential construction opportunities represent 22% of our revenues. Our expertise in residential construction includes home remodels, luxury single-family homes and equestrian facilities. We are committed to meeting the evolving needs of homeowners and developers by delivering innovative and sustainable housing solutions.

We cater to affluent clients seeking bespoke residences and state of the art equestrian amenities in South Florida. Within this segment, we excel at creating custom-designed homes and remodels that embody elegance, functionality, and the latest in luxury living standards. In parallel, we create equestrian facilities that combine superior architectural design with practical considerations for horse stabling and training. As we move forward, management believes the demand for contractors who specialize in this niche of luxury construction will continue to grow in association with the population growth in this region. Six of our twenty-four current projects are residential construction projects.

The competitive state of the residential construction market in the Florida and the surrounding regions has been shaped in recent years due to a number of factors. Florida’s population growth is forecasted to remain above the national average in the coming years as well, according to the Demographic Estimating Conference. In turn, the demand for new or remodeled homes has been beneficial to JFB and the residential construction industry in the region. However, JFB’s ability to successfully capitalize on such demand has been balanced by the need to identify a cost effective workforce, including its use of subcontractors, properly preparing for and mitigating the potential harm of increased material costs and supply chain disruptions, and navigating strict building codes which may lead to permitting delays.

Real Estate Development Segment

Management believes that an increased focus on larger multi-family residential developments, such as condominiums and townhouses, will help JFB to continue to grow and increase its revenue. Projects, such as our completed 44-unit multi-story residential apartment complex and our recent agreement as the general contractor for a 79-unit townhome development with an additional community clubhouse, and our work to expand the Desoto County High School and the Construction of the Courtyard Olive Branch hotel will be key to our future success because such projects offer the opportunity to participate in larger construction projects that have an opportunity to yield greater revenues. As discussed below, we believe being a public company, with increased access to capital and potentially debt financing, will help enable our company to invest in real estate development projects that are more capital intensive. Further, with the potential to act as the developer and general contractor for development projects, we believe there are opportunities to maximize profits for the Company though efficient control of all aspects of construction projects through our in-house development team. Four of our twenty-four current projects is a real estate development project.

While still aspirational in nature, the Company’s strategic plan includes investing in real estate development projects directly as the developer or through joint ventures, which offer both attractive opportunities and notable challenges. Such investment has the potential to secure substantial returns on investment, as well as potentially being awarded the valuable construction contracts tied to these ventures. Real estate development provides revenue opportunities for the Company through various channels, including the sale of developed properties, leasing income, and property management fees. Upon the completion of a development project, the Company may generate revenue through the sale of residential, commercial, or mixed-use properties to third-party buyers. In addition, leasing developed properties to tenants provides a recurring revenue stream, contributing to long-term financial stability. The Company may also derive income from property management services, ensuring efficient operation and maintenance of developed assets, but this service would likely be outsourced to a third-party, at least in the early stages of this growth objective. Furthermore, real estate development projects may appreciate in value over time, potentially generating additional revenue upon sale or refinancing.

In addition to the revenue generated from property sales, leasing, and management, real estate development projects create opportunities for the Company to provide construction services, further diversifying its income streams. As a vertically integrated company, the Company is likely to be able to serve as both the developer and the general contractor on its projects, enabling it to capture additional revenue from construction activities. By providing construction services for its own developments, the Company benefits from greater control over project timelines, quality, and costs, improving overall project efficiency. Moreover, the Company may also offer construction services to third-party developers, as it is presently leveraging its expertise and resources to expand its client base. This dual role as developer and contractor may enhance the Company’s ability to generate consistent revenues across multiple phases of a project, from initial construction through long-term asset management.

Value-add real estate development for shopping centers and similar commercial projects is another area of real estate development the Company intends to invest into. By acquiring underperforming or outdated retail properties, the Company can implement strategic renovations, tenant repositioning, and operational improvements to enhance the property’s value and attract higher-quality tenants. These enhancements can increase rental income and occupancy rates, creating a more attractive asset for future sale or refinancing. Additionally, value-add projects allow the Company to capitalize on trends in consumer behavior, such as incorporating mixed-use elements or adapting spaces for e-commerce and experiential retail. This approach not only increases the asset’s long-term revenue potential but also strengthens the Company’s market position in the competitive commercial real estate sector, if the Company is able to properly assess risk and identify well positioned properties.

The Company recognizes real estate development projects require substantial capital investment and come with inherent risks, such as market fluctuations, potential delays, and the complexities of managing real estate assets. The illiquidity of these investments further complicates matters, as funds may be locked in for extended durations, restricting the company’s ability to reallocate resources quickly. Nonetheless, by integrating its investment strategy with its construction capabilities, the Company aims to mitigate these risks and enhance project outcomes. While these endeavors require careful management and thoughtful allocation of resources, the Company is optimistic that its integrated approach will yield positive outcomes.

The Company’s segment profit or loss is measured using gross profit, which is the primary performance metric utilized by management to evaluate the financial results of each reportable segment. For segment reporting purposes, gross profit is calculated as the difference between segment revenue and the direct costs associated with specific projects or contracts. These direct costs include materials, labor, subcontractors, and other project-specific expenses directly attributable to the construction activities of each segment.

The financial performance of each segment is regularly reviewed with operational leaders in charge of these segments, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and others. The CODM of the Company is Joseph Basile CEO. The Company’s segment disclosures are presented in accordance with the guidance set forth in ASC 280, Segment reporting. Specifically, the disclosures comply with the requirements outlined in ASC 280-10-50-22 through 50-26, which mandate that an entity disclose

certain information about its operating segments to enable users of the financial statements to understand the financial performance of different parts of the business.

In accordance with ASC 280-10-50-22, the Company discloses financial information for each reportable segment, including revenue, operating profit or loss, and other significant items that are used by the chief operating decision maker (CODM) in assessing the performance and making decisions about the allocation of resources. The Company identifies its reportable segments based on the internal management structure, and all relevant information is disclosed in the segment footnote as required.

In accordance with ASC 280-10-50-29, the disclosures also adhere to the requirements of which mandate that the financial information provided for each segment should include items such as capital expenditures, depreciation, and amortization, when appropriate. The disclosures reflect the performance and financial position of each segment, and a reconciliation of segment totals to the overall consolidated financial results, including total segment profit or loss and other significant disclosures.

The Company’s segment disclosures are presented in accordance with the requirements set forth in ASC 280-10-50-30(b) and (c), which specify the need to disclose the total of reportable segments’ profit or loss, as well as the basis of measurement used to determine the segment results.

In accordance with ASC 280-10-50-30(b), the Company provides the total of profit or loss for all reportable segments, which reflects the combined operating results for each reportable segment included in the financial statements. The total segment profit or loss represents the aggregation of segment results before the allocation of corporate expenses and certain other items not attributable to specific segments.

As required by ASC 280-10-50-30(c), the Company has also disclosed the basis of measurement for segment profit or loss. The measure used to assess segment performance and allocate resources is operating income (or loss), which includes revenues, cost of sales, and directly attributable operating expenses for each segment. The operating income (or loss) for each reportable segment is reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (CODM) and serves as the primary performance metric used in resource allocation and operational decision-making.