13.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
We are a defendant in various litigation matters arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which involve claims for damages that are substantial in amount. Many of these litigation matters are covered by insurance (including insurance provided through a consolidated captive insurance company as further discussed below), but they may nevertheless be subject to large deductibles and the amounts being claimed may exceed the available insurance. Although we cannot determine the ultimate liability for these matters, based upon information currently available, we believe the ultimate resolution of such claims and litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Professional Indemnity Insurance
To better manage our global insurance program and support our risk management efforts, we supplement our traditional insurance coverage for certain types of claims by using a wholly-owned captive insurance company. The level of risk retained by us, including our captive insurance company, with respect to professional indemnity claims, is up to $10.0 million per claim. We contract third-party insurance companies to provide coverage of risk in excess of this amount. When a potential loss event occurs, we estimate the ultimate cost of the claim and accrue the amount in other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets when probable and estimable. In addition, we have established receivables from third-party insurance providers for claim amounts in excess of the risk retained by our captive insurance company. There was no such receivable recorded as of December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2024, a receivable of $0.5 million was included in Notes and other receivables on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following table shows the professional indemnity accrual activity and related payments.
(in millions)
December 31, 2022$2.2 
New claims7.0 
Prior year claims adjustments (including foreign currency changes)5.2 
Claims paid(5.0)
December 31, 20239.4 
New claims1.0 
Prior year claims adjustments (including foreign currency changes)1.0 
Claims paid(7.2)
December 31, 20244.2 
New claims4.5 
Prior year claims adjustments (including foreign currency changes)0.1 
Claims paid(7.4)
December 31, 2025$1.4 
Delegated Underwriting and Servicing ("DUS") Program Loan Loss-Sharing
As a participant in the DUS program, we retain a portion of the risk of loss for loans that are originated and sold under the DUS program. Net losses on defaulted loans are shared with Fannie Mae based upon established loss-sharing ratios. Generally, we share approximately one-third of incurred losses, subject to a cap of 20% of the principal balance of the mortgage at origination. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had loans, funded and sold, subject to loss-sharing arrangements with an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $25.8 billion and $23.0 billion, respectively.
In June of 2025, we entered into an enhanced loss-sharing agreement with Fannie Mae associated with a specific three-loan portfolio. The agreement finalized our portion of the loss at $20.6 million, which we paid in 2025; as a result, there is no residual loss exposure for the subject loans. There were no material loan losses incurred for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. See "Financial Guarantees" section of Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for additional information.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 19, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 19, 2025

About Commitments Disclosures

Commitments and contingencies disclosures catalog a company's off-balance-sheet obligations and legal exposures — purchase commitments, guarantee arrangements, pending litigation, and regulatory proceedings. These items represent potential future cash outflows that may not appear as liabilities on the balance sheet until they become probable and estimable.

Key signals: litigation reserves and disclosed loss ranges quantify management's estimate of legal exposure, but unquantified "reasonably possible" losses often represent the larger risk. Watch for changes in language around pending cases — shifts from "remote" to "reasonably possible" or increases in estimated loss ranges signal deteriorating outcomes. Unconditional purchase obligations and take-or-pay contracts create fixed cost structures that reduce operational flexibility. Guarantee arrangements for subsidiaries or joint ventures can create cascading obligations. Compare the total commitment schedule against projected free cash flow to assess whether the company can meet its obligations without additional financing.