Note 6—Stock-based Compensation

The Company has a 2018 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Stock Incentive Plan”), as amended. Under the Stock Incentive Plan, the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance restricted stock units and performance awards in the form of shares and cash. Stock options granted under the Stock Incentive Plan include both incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options. The Stock Incentive Plan authorizes 1,350,000 shares to be granted.

Stock option activity under the Stock Incentive Plan is as follows:

 

 

 

Options Outstanding

 

 

 

Number of
shares
underlying
outstanding
options

 

 

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price Per
Share

 

 

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)

 

 

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(amounts in
thousands)

 

Outstanding—August 31, 2022

 

 

675,942

 

 

$

27.12

 

 

 

7.7

 

 

$

32,290

 

Granted

 

 

141,202

 

 

$

68.19

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

(93,915

)

 

$

20.84

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canceled/forfeited

 

 

(69,834

)

 

$

51.90

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding—August 31, 2023

 

 

653,395

 

 

$

34.25

 

 

 

7.2

 

 

$

34,766

 

Granted

 

 

76,581

 

 

$

87.51

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

(96,748

)

 

$

25.76

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canceled/forfeited

 

 

(22,714

)

 

$

65.42

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding—August 31, 2024

 

 

610,514

 

 

$

41.11

 

 

 

6.6

 

 

$

17,484

 

Granted

 

 

55,584

 

 

$

76.60

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

(48,239

)

 

$

32.50

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canceled/forfeited

 

 

(26,438

)

 

$

66.26

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding—August 31, 2025

 

 

591,421

 

 

$

44.02

 

 

 

5.9

 

 

$

24,792

 

Options exercisable

 

 

452,451

 

 

$

33.94

 

 

 

5.2

 

 

$

23,263

 

 

The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during fiscal year 2025 was $2.6 million.

The total fair value of options vested was $3.2 million, $3.7 million, and $3.1 million for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2025, August 31, 2024, and August 31, 2023, respectively. As of August 31, 2025, unrecognized stock-based compensation of $6.0 million related to unvested stock options is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted average period of 1.4 years.

The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit (“RSU”) activity under the Stock Incentive Plan:

 

 

RSUs Outstanding

 

 

 

Number of Shares
Underlying
Outstanding RSU

 

 

Weighted Average
Grant Date
 Fair Value

 

Outstanding — August 31, 2022

 

 

 

 

 

 

Granted

 

 

32,733

 

 

$

69.49

 

Canceled/forfeited

 

 

(1,628

)

 

$

62.14

 

 Outstanding — August 31, 2023

 

 

31,105

 

 

$

69.88

 

Granted

 

 

20,409

 

 

$

97.30

 

Vested

 

 

(12,477

)

 

$

72.42

 

Canceled/forfeited

 

 

(2,917

)

 

$

75.87

 

 Outstanding — August 31, 2024

 

 

36,120

 

 

$

84.01

 

Granted

 

 

33,021

 

 

$

80.00

 

Vested

 

 

(13,511

)

 

$

85.21

 

Canceled/forfeited

 

 

(5,205

)

 

$

84.41

 

 Outstanding — August 31, 2025

 

 

50,425

 

 

$

81.02

 

 

The total fair value of RSUs vested was $1.1 million and $0.9 million for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024, respectively. No RSUs vested during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2023. As of August 31, 2025, unrecognized stock-based compensation of $3.8 million related to unvested RSUs is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted average period of 1.9 years.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2025, the Company granted 8,724 performance restricted stock units (“PSUs”) with a three-year performance vesting period and a weighted average grant date fair value of $80.00. No PSUs vested during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025. As of August 31, 2025, unrecognized stock-based compensation of $0.6 million related to unvested PSUs is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted average period of 2.4 years.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation for restaurant-level employees is included in labor and related costs and stock-based compensation for corporate-level employees is included in general and administrative expenses in the statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The total stock-based compensation recognized under the Stock Incentive Plan in the statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) is as follows:

 

 

 

Fiscal Years Ended August 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

 

(amounts in thousands)

 

Restaurant-level stock based compensation included in labor and related costs

$

793

 

 

$

688

 

 

$

506

 

General and administrative expenses

 

 

3,942

 

 

 

3,626

 

 

 

3,044

 

Stock-based compensation, net of amounts capitalized

 

$

4,735

 

 

$

4,314

 

 

$

3,550

 

Amount capitalized to Property and equipment - net

 

 

146

 

 

 

218

 

 

 

 

Total stock-based compensation

 

$

4,881

 

 

$

4,532

 

 

$

3,550

 

 

Determination of Fair Value

For the fiscal years ended August 31, 2025, August 31, 2024, and August 31, 2023, the fair value of stock options was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes valuation model with the following assumptions:

 

 

 

Fiscal Years Ended August 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Expected term (in years)

 

 

6.11

 

 

 

6.11

 

 

 

6.11

 

Expected volatility

 

63.4% - 69.7%

 

 

60.6% - 67.3%

 

 

58.6% - 64.0%

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

3.55% - 4.42%

 

 

3.84% - 4.84%

 

 

2.96% - 4.15%

 

Dividend rate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average grant date fair value

 

$

49.21

 

 

$

53.09

 

 

$

45.79

 

 

Expected Term - The expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. For option grants that are considered to be “plain vanilla,” the Company determines the expected term using the simplified method. The simplified method deems the term to be the average of the time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the options.

Expected Volatility - Since the Company does not have a trading history of its common stock equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants, the expected volatility is derived from the average historical stock volatilities of several unrelated public companies within the Company’s industry that the Company considers to be comparable to its business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants.

Risk-Free Interest Rate - The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities approximately equal to the option’s expected term.

Dividend Rate - The expected dividend is assumed to be zero as the Company has never paid dividends and has no current plans to do so.

Fair Value of Common Stock - The fair value of common stock is based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock, as reported on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.

About Stock Compensation Disclosures

Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.

Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.