18.
INCOME TAXES

The following table represents the major components of income/(loss) before income tax recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Loss:

 

 

For the year ended December 31,

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Income/ (loss) from continuing operations before taxes

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

$

(179,182

)

 

$

(35,069

)

United States

 

 

92,920

 

 

 

(7,564

)

 

 

$

(86,262

)

 

$

(42,633

)

 

A reconciliation of income taxes at the Canadian statutory federal rate of 15% is as follows:

 

 

For the year ended December 31, 2025

 

 

For the year ended December 31, 2024

 

 

Amount

 

Percent

 

 

Amount

 

Percent

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loss from continuing operations before taxes

 

$

(86,262

)

 

 

 

$

(42,633

)

 

 

Statutory tax rate

 

$

(12,938

)

 

15.0

%

 

$

(6,395

)

 

15.0

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reconciling items:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Domestic federal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nontaxable and nondeductible items:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stock-based compensation

 

 

916

 

 

(1.1

)%

 

 

774

 

 

(1.8

)%

Revaluation of warrant obligations

 

 

(6,251

)

 

7.2

%

 

 

(32

)

 

0.1

%

Revaluation of convertible debt and conversion feature

 

 

25,656

 

 

(29.7

)%

 

 

-

 

 

0.0

%

Other reconciliation items:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Share issuance costs

 

 

(1,017

)

 

1.2

%

 

 

(1,928

)

 

4.5

%

Others

 

 

393

 

 

(0.4

)%

 

 

1,051

 

 

(2.5

)%

Changes in valuation allowance

 

 

5,491

 

 

(6.3

)%

 

 

5,396

 

 

(12.7

)%

Foreign tax effects - United States

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rate differential between the U.S. and Canada

 

 

2,750

 

 

(3.2

)%

 

 

(454

)

 

1.1

%

Nontaxable and nondeductible items:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nondeductible interest

 

 

-

 

 

0.0

%

 

 

2,080

 

 

(4.9

)%

Gain on transfer of employee contracts

 

 

-

 

 

0.0

%

 

 

440

 

 

(1.0

)%

Stock-based compensation

 

 

-

 

 

0.0

%

 

 

(6,521

)

 

15.3

%

Others

 

 

(158

)

 

0.2

%

 

 

192

 

 

(0.5

)%

Other reconciliation items:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred tax related to issuance of warrants

 

 

19,353

 

 

(22.4

)%

 

 

-

 

 

0.0

%

Adjustment of book-tax difference on capital assets

 

 

3,352

 

 

(3.9

)%

 

 

(661

)

 

1.6

%

Non-controlling interest's income

 

 

(5,374

)

 

6.2

%

 

 

-

 

 

0.0

%

Others

 

 

313

 

 

(0.4

)%

 

 

(340

)

 

0.8

%

Change in valuation allowance

 

 

(32,486

)

 

37.6

%

 

 

6,398

 

 

(15.0

)%

 

$

-

 

 

0.0

%

 

$

-

 

 

0.0

%

 

The significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities were:

 

 

For the year ended December 31,

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Deferred income tax assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-capital loss carryforwards

 

$

64,960

 

 

$

58,371

 

Share issuance costs

 

 

6,723

 

 

 

3,139

 

Exploration assets

 

 

7

 

 

 

7

 

Property, plant and equipment

 

 

9,082

 

 

 

3,703

 

Investment measured at fair value

 

 

495

 

 

 

592

 

Production payment arrangements

 

 

8,015

 

 

 

-

 

Stock-based compensation

 

 

112

 

 

 

112

 

Other items

 

 

(285

)

 

 

449

 

 

 

89,109

 

 

 

66,373

 

Less: valuation allowance

 

 

(44,779

)

 

 

(63,617

)

Total deferred income tax assets

 

$

44,330

 

 

$

2,756

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred income tax liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investment in Lithium Nevada Ventures

 

$

(44,330

)

 

$

(2,756

)

Total deferred income tax liabilities

 

$

(44,330

)

 

$

(2,756

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred income tax assets, net

 

$

-

 

 

$

-

 

 

The Company has non-capital loss carryforwards in (i) the US of approximately $288.5 million (2024 - $257.6 million) of which $38.8 million expires between 2029 and 2037 and the remaining amount has no fixed date of expiry and (ii) Canada of $16.2 million (2024 - $15.9 million) expiring in 2044. The non-capital loss carryforwards are available to reduce taxable income in the US and Canada, respectively.

The Company has recognized a valuation allowance to the extent the recovery of deferred tax assets cannot be supported by the reversal of taxable temporary differences, as recovery of these deferred tax assets is not considered “more likely than not”.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 19, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 28, 2025

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.