Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that are within the scope of ASC 606, we perform the following five steps; (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. The five-step model is applied to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services transferred to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, we assess the goods or services promised within each contract and determine those that are performance obligations and assess whether each promised good or service is distinct. We then recognize revenue in the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. Delivery occurs when goods are shipped and title and risk of loss transfer to the customer, in accordance with the terms specified in the arrangement with the customer. Revenue recognition is deferred until the earnings process is complete.

We (i) input orders based upon receipt of a customer purchase order, (ii) confirm pricing through the customer purchase order record, (iii) validate creditworthiness through past payment history, credit agency reports and other financial data, and (iv) recognize revenue upon shipment of goods or when risk of loss and title transfer to the buyer. All customers have warranty rights, and some customers also have explicit or implicit rights of return. We establish reserves for potential customer returns or warranty repairs based on historical experience and other factors that enable us to reasonably estimate the obligation.

A portion of our product sales is made through distributors under agreements allowing for right of return. Our past history with these sell-through right of return provisions allow us to reasonably estimate the amount of inventory that could be returned pursuant to these agreements, and revenue is recognized accordingly.

Revenue for engineering services contracts and grants is recognized ratably over the contract term as the related performance obligations are satisfied. Progress toward completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to total estimated costs at completion. This method reflects the pattern of transfer of control, as it aligns revenue recognition with the extent of work performed.

About Revenue Disclosures

Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.

Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.