GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following table sets forth information with respect to goodwill and other intangible assets:
In thousands
Balance, Beginning 2022
Impairment
Purchase price allocation adjustmentTranslationBalance,
End of
2022
Purchase price allocation adjustmentTranslation
Balance, End of
2023
Goodwill    
Airlaid Materials$109,486 $— $ $(4,291)$105,195 $ $2,496 $107,691 
Composite Fibers78,438 (76,411)— (2,027)— — —  
Spunlace48,241 (42,541)(500)(5,200)— — —  
Total$236,165 $(118,952)$(500)$(11,518)$105,195 $— $2,496 $107,691 
Other Intangible Assets
Balance, Beginning 2022
Impairment
AmortizationTranslation
Balance,
End of
2022
AmortizationTranslation
Balance, End of
2023
Airlaid Materials
Tradename$4,485 $ $ $(1,043)$3,442 $ $124 $3,566 
Accumulated amortization(603)— (170)34 (739)(174)(31)(944)
Net3,882 — (170)(1,009)2,703 (174)93 2,622 
 
Technology and related17,825 — — (313)17,512 — 609 18,121 
Accumulated amortization(4,552)— (1,131)246 (5,437)(1,160)(222)(6,819)
Net13,273 — (1,131)(67)12,075 (1,160)387 11,302 
 
Customer relationships and related44,585  (1,433)43,152  834 43,986 
Accumulated amortization(10,512)— (3,657)598 (13,571)(3,706)(408)(17,685)
Net34,073 — (3,657)(835)29,581 (3,706)426 26,301 
Composite Fibers
Tradename - non-amortizing3,601 (3,530)— (71)— — —  
 
Technology and related38,614 (37,823)— (791)— — —  
Accumulated amortization(19,224)19,380 (424)268 — — —  
Net19,390 (18,443)(424)(523)— — —  
 
Customer relationships and related34,739 (34,046)— (693)— — —  
Accumulated amortization(22,104)22,351 (587)340 — — —  
Net12,635 (11,695)(587)(353)— — —  
 
Spunlace
Products and Tradenames27,623  (333)27,290  2,774 30,064 
Accumulated amortization(253)— (1,241)(265)(1,759)(1,323)(370)(3,452)
Net27,370 — (1,241)(598)25,531 (1,323)2,404 26,612 
Technology and related14,547 — (175)14,372 — 1,461 15,833 
Accumulated amortization(202)— (1,151)(102)(1,455)(1,223)(468)(3,146)
Net14,345 — (1,151)(277)12,917 (1,223)993 12,687 
Customer relationships and related28,003 — (337)27,666 — 2,812 30,478 
Accumulated amortization(268)— (1,487)(48)(1,803)(1,580)(286)(3,669)
Net27,735 — (1,487)(385)25,863 (1,580)2,526 26,809 
Total intangibles214,022 (75,399) (5,189)133,434  8,614 142,048 
Total accumulated amortization(57,718)41,731 (9,848)1,071 (24,764)(9,166)(1,785)(35,715)
Net intangibles$156,304 $(33,668)$(9,848)$(4,118)$108,670 $(9,166)$6,829 $106,333 

The following table sets forth information pertaining to amortization of intangible assets:
In thousands202320222021
Aggregate amortization expense:$9,166 $9,848 $9,753 
Estimated amortization expense:
20249,408 
20259,408 
20269,408 
20279,408 
20289,408 
    Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis. We amortize trade and product names over 15 years to 20 years; technical know-how over 8 years to 20 years; and customer relationships over 11 years to 18 years. The remaining weighted average useful life of intangible assets was 13.1 years at December 31, 2023.

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.