GOODWILL AND OTHER ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following tables summarize the activity in goodwill:
Year Ended December 31, 2025
MAMISConsolidated
Gross
goodwill
Accumulated
impairment
charge
Net
goodwill
Gross
goodwill
Accumulated
impairment
charge
Net
goodwill
Gross
goodwill
Accumulated
impairment
charge
Net
goodwill
Balance at beginning of year$5,626 $(12)$5,614 $380 $ $380 $6,006 $(12)$5,994 
Additions/
adjustments (1)
135  135 8  8 143  143 
Foreign currency translation adjustments334  334 (5) (5)329  329 
Reclassification to assets held-for-sale (2)
(89) (89)   (89) (89)
Divestiture of business (3)
(9) (9)   (9) (9)
Ending Balance$5,997 $(12)$5,985 $383 $ $383 $6,380 $(12)$6,368 
Year Ended December 31, 2024
MAMISConsolidated
Gross
goodwill
Accumulated
impairment
charge
Net
goodwill
Gross
goodwill
Accumulated
impairment
charge
Net
goodwill
Gross
goodwill
Accumulated
impairment
charge
Net
goodwill
Balance at beginning of year$5,681 $(12)$5,669 $287 $— $287 $5,968 $(12)$5,956 
Additions/
adjustments (4)
112 — 112 97 — 97 209 — 209 
Foreign currency translation adjustments(167)— (167)(4)— (4)(171)— (171)
Ending balance$5,626 $(12)$5,614 $380 $— $380 $6,006 $(12)$5,994 
(1)The 2025 additions/adjustments primarily relate to the acquisition of CAPE Analytics and ICR Chile in 2025.
(2)The 2025 reclassification to assets held-for-sale for the MA segment in the table above relates to the planned divestiture of the MA Regulatory Solutions business, more fully discussed in Note 11.
(3)The 2025 divestiture of business for the MA segment in the table above relates to the divestiture of the MA Learning Solutions Business, more fully discussed in Note 22.
(4)The 2024 additions/adjustments primarily relate to acquisitions in 2024 (most notably GCR, Numerated and Praedicat).
Acquired intangible assets and related accumulated amortization consisted of:
December 31,
20252024
Customer relationships$2,165 $2,035 
Accumulated amortization(724)(631)
Net customer relationships1,441 1,404 
Software/product technology774 695 
Accumulated amortization(526)(419)
Net software/product technology248 276 
Database164 166 
Accumulated amortization(103)(89)
Net database61 77 
Trade names201 199 
Accumulated amortization(96)(83)
Net trade names105 116 
Other (1)
64 67 
Accumulated amortization(53)(50)
Net other11 17 
Total$1,866 $1,890 
    
(1)Other intangible assets primarily consist of trade secrets, covenants not to compete, and acquired ratings methodologies and models.
Amortization expense relating to acquired intangible assets is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Amortization expense (1)
$215 $198 $198 
(1)Amount for the year ended December 31, 2024 excludes incremental amortization expense of $5 million associated with amortizable intangible assets which is presented within charges related to asset abandonment on the consolidated statement of operations, as more fully discussed in Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements.
Estimated future annual amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows:
Year Ending December 31,
2026$207 
2027195 
2028182 
2029150 
2030126 
Thereafter1,006 
Total estimated future amortization$1,866 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 18, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 14, 2025
2023Feb 14, 2024
2022Feb 15, 2023
2021Feb 22, 2022
2020Feb 22, 2021
2019Feb 24, 2020
2018Feb 25, 2019

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.