12.

INCOME TAXES

 

GAAP prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.

 

The Company’s provision for income taxes is calculated using the liability method. Deferred income taxes are provided for all temporary differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using tax rates enacted by law or regulation.

 

Reconciliations between the total income tax expense (benefit) and the amount computed using the statutory federal rate of 21% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

 

  

Year Ended December 31,

 
  

2025

  

2024

 
  

(in thousands)

 

Federal income tax expense/(benefit) at statutory rate

  (2,222)21.0% (1,595)

Adjusted for:

        

Non-deductible items

  31 (0.3%)6 

Return to provision adjustments

  1,606 (15.2%)(372)

State and local income tax, net of federal income tax effect

  (623)5.9%   

Valuation Allowance

  1,208 (11.4%)1,961 

Income Tax expense/(benefit)

  - N/A - 

 

Deferred tax assets were comprised of the following temporary differences as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

  

Year Ended December 31,

 
  

2025

  

2024

 

Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards

 $26,322  $24,770 

Joint Venture and other investments

  (28)  (279)

Accrued retirement benefits and other compensation

  3,295   2,728 

Property net book value

  2,015   3,042 

Deferred Revenue

  1,005   1,051 

Reserves and other

  (60)  29 

Total Deferred Tax Assets

  32,549   31,341 

Valuation Allowance

  (32,549)  (31,341)

Net deferred tax asset

  -   - 

 

Valuation allowances at December 31, 2025 and 2024 have been established to reduce future tax benefits not expected to be realized. Net Operating Loss (NOL) carryforwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 are limited by the TCJA but do not expire. At December 31, 2025, the Company had approximately $67.5 million in federal NOL carryforwards and approximately $81.4 million in state NOL carryforwards expiring from 2030 through 2034. The Company also had approximately $14.5 million in federal and state NOL carryforwards at December 31, 2025 that do not expire.

 

The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax in Hawaii. The Company is currently open to examination by taxing authorities for tax years ended after 2021. The Company recognizes and reports interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits if applicable, within the provision for income tax expense. The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, and therefore did not recognize any interest expense or penalties on unrecognized tax benefits. The Company paid no income taxes in the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Apr 1, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 31, 2025
2023Mar 28, 2024
2022Mar 24, 2023
2021Mar 1, 2022
2020Mar 2, 2021
2019Mar 3, 2020
2018Mar 1, 2019
2017Feb 26, 2018
2016Feb 24, 2017
2015Feb 26, 2016

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.