Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by revenue type(1):
Year ended December 31,
(in millions)202520242023
License-based $1,719.2 $1,625.1 $1,517.5 
Asset-based343.0 333.2 279.6 
Transaction-based383.3 316.8 241.5 
Consolidated revenue$2,445.5 $2,275.1 $2,038.6 
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(1) Starting with the quarter ended March 31, 2024, revenue from PitchBook media sales product was reclassified from license-based to transaction-based. Prior periods have not been restated to reflect the updated classifications.

Contract Liabilities

Our contract liabilities represent deferred revenue. We record deferred revenue when a contract requires a customer to be billed in advance. The following table summarizes our contract liabilities balance:
As of December 31,
(in millions)20252024
Deferred revenue (current)$586.1 $540.8 
Deferred revenue (non-current)21.0 22.4 
Total contract liabilities$607.1 $563.2 

The following table presents revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period:
Year ended December 31,
(in millions)202520242023
Revenue recognized that was included in opening deferred revenue$524.1 $480.5 $424.9 

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations include both amounts recorded as deferred revenue in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2025 as well as amounts not yet invoiced to customers as of December 31, 2025, largely reflecting future revenue related to signed multi-year arrangements.
As of December 31, 2025, we expect to recognize revenue related to our remaining performance obligations as follows:
(in millions)As of December 31, 2025
2026$1,067.4 
2027292.9 
2028117.1 
202932.5 
203010.4 
Thereafter 21.0 
Total$1,541.3 

The table above excludes variable consideration for unsatisfied performance obligations related to certain of our license-based, asset-based, and transaction-based contracts as we apply the optional exemption available under FASB ASC Topic 606. These performance obligations are expected to be satisfied over the next one to three years. Variable consideration for these contracts cannot be reasonably estimated because it depends on factors such as future user licenses, changes in the underlying asset values, or the number of internet advertising impressions in any given period, which are only known as services are performed.

The table above also excludes unsatisfied performance obligations for certain license-based contracts with durations of one year or less as we apply the optional exemption under FASB ASC Topic 606. For certain license-based contracts, the remaining performance obligations are expected to be less than one year based on the subscription terms or the existence of cancellation terms that may be exercised causing the contract term to be less than one year from December 31, 2025.

Contract Assets

Our contract assets represent accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses, and deferred commissions.

The following table summarizes our contract assets balance:
As of December 31,
(in millions)20252024
Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses$390.4 $358.1 
Deferred commissions65.5 65.8 
Total contract assets$455.9 $423.9 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 13, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 28, 2025
2023Feb 29, 2024
2022Feb 24, 2023
2021Feb 25, 2022
2020Feb 26, 2021
2019Mar 2, 2020
2018Mar 1, 2019

About Revenue Disclosures

Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.

Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.