Intangible Assets and Goodwill
20222021
As ofGross
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Gross
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Product and process technology$742 $(321)$633 $(284)
Goodwill1,228 1,228 

In 2022, 2021, and 2020, we capitalized $158 million, $106 million, and $73 million, respectively, for product and process technology with weighted-average useful lives of 9 years, 9 years, and 10 years, respectively. Amortization expense was $85 million, $82 million, and $78 million for 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Expected amortization expense is $83 million for 2023, $72 million for 2024, $52 million for 2025, $43 million for 2026, and $37 million for 2027.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2022Oct 7, 2022Showing above
2021Oct 8, 2021
2020Oct 19, 2020
2019Oct 17, 2019
2018Oct 15, 2018
2017Oct 26, 2017
2016Oct 28, 2016
2015Oct 27, 2015

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.