Marwynn Holdings, Inc. Income Taxes Disclosure
NOTE 12 — INCOME TAXES
Marwynn is a Nevada holding company subject to 21% corporate federal income tax rate. There is no state income tax rate because no state income tax is levied in Nevada. Marwynn is a holding company and does not have active operations as of April 30, 2025.
FuAn, Grand Forest and KZS were incorporated in the State of California, and are subject to 21% corporate federal income tax rate and 8.84% California state income tax rate. Marwynn, FuAn, Grand Forest and KZS file separate corporate income tax returns instead of a consolidated income tax return.
For the years ended April 30, 2025, and 2024, the provision for income taxes consisted of the following:
| April 30, 2025 | April 30, 2024 | |||||||
| Current: | ||||||||
| Federal income tax expense | $ | 103,885 | $ | 265,115 | ||||
| State income tax expense | 49,452 | 127,111 | ||||||
| Deferred: | ||||||||
| Federal income tax benefit | (117,269 | ) | (21,381 | ) | ||||
| State income tax benefit | (38,998 | ) | (7,110 | ) | ||||
| Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | (2,930 | ) | $ | 363,735 | |||
The following table reconciles the Company’s effective income tax rate for the years ended April 30, 2025 and 2024:
| Year ended April 30, 2025 | Year ended April 30, 2024 | |||||||
| Federal statutory rate | (21.0 | )% | 21.0 | % | ||||
| State statutory rate, net of effect of state income tax deductible to federal income tax | (6.98 | )% | 6.98 | % | ||||
| Permanent difference – penalties, interest, and others | 0.34 | % | 1.55 | % | ||||
| Valuation allowance | 27.57 | % | (1.64 | )% | ||||
| Effective tax rate | (0.07 | )% | 27.89 | % | ||||
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred taxes are comprised of the following:
| April 30, 2025 | April 30, 2024 | |||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||
| Sales allowance | $ | 57,643 | $ | 57,643 | ||||
| Bad debt expense | 155,925 | 6,911 | ||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, net of ROU | 77,602 | 72,705 | ||||||
| Finance lease liabilities, net of ROU | 432 | |||||||
| NOL | 122,023 | |||||||
| Valuation allowance | (120,098 | ) | ||||||
| Deferred tax assets, net | $ | 293,527 | $ | 137,259 | ||||
| Deferred tax liability: | ||||||||
| Depreciation expense | 41,531 | 42,211 | ||||||
| Deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liability | $ | 251,996 | $ | 95,048 | ||||
Uncertain tax positions
The Company evaluates each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measures the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. As April 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company had $12,131 and $13,091 accrued interest and penalties related to understated income tax payments, respectively. For the years ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded $6,173 and $13,091 of interest and penalties related to understated income tax payments, respectively. The Company intends to file amended income tax returns for these two fiscal years with respect to these positions within the next few months.
About Income Taxes Disclosures
The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.
Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.