2. GOODWILL AND PURCHASED INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill by Segment The carrying amounts of goodwill by segment as of December 31 are included in the table below. Foreign currency fluctuations are included within other adjustments.
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| December 31, 2023 | | | December 31, 2024 | | | | | | | | | | December 31, 2025 |
| In millions | Goodwill | Additions | Other | Goodwill | | Additions | | | | | | Other | | Total |
| Network | $ | 1,696 | | $ | — | | $ | (1) | | $ | 1,695 | | | $ | 6 | | | | | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 1,702 | |
Self-Service Banking(1) | 256 | | — | | (1) | | 255 | | | — | | | | | | | 1 | | | 256 | |
| Total goodwill | $ | 1,952 | | $ | — | | $ | (2) | | $ | 1,950 | | | $ | 6 | | | | | | | $ | 2 | | | $ | 1,958 | |
(1) The carrying amount of goodwill for the Self-Service Banking segment is presented net of accumulated impairment losses of $16 million as of each period end.
As discussed in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies”, management completed the annual goodwill impairment test during the fourth quarter of 2025. We elected to perform a qualitative assessment for the Self-Service Banking reporting unit and a quantitative assessment for the Network reporting unit.
The qualitative assessment included, but was not limited to, our consideration of macroeconomic conditions such as higher interest rates, escalating tariffs, increased logistical costs, foreign currency fluctuations, and significant cost inflation to the current year cash flows, the potential impacts to future cash flows as well as the excess of the fair value over the carrying value from the assessment performed during the fourth quarter of 2023. Based on the qualitative assessment completed for the annual goodwill impairment test of the Self-Service Banking reporting unit, it was determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of this reporting unit was in excess of its carrying value. However, if the actual results differ from our expectations, there is a possibility we would have to perform an interim test in 2026, which could lead to an impairment of goodwill for the Self-Service Banking reporting unit.
For the quantitative assessment, the fair value of the Network reporting unit was estimated using a weighted methodology considering the output from both the income and market approaches. The income approach incorporates the use of discounted cash flow analysis. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the discounted cash flow model to forecast operating cash flows, including revenue growth rates, EBITDA margin and discount rates. The market approach is performed using the guideline public company method which is based on earnings multiple data of peer companies.
Based on the quantitative assessment completed for the annual goodwill impairment test of the Network reporting unit, we determined the fair value of this reporting unit was greater than its carrying value by more than 20%, consistent with the prior year. Assumptions used in the quantitative impairment testing are made at a point in time and require significant judgment; therefore, they are subject to change based on the facts and circumstances present at each annual and interim impairment test date. Additionally, these assumptions are generally interdependent and do not change in isolation. Some of the inherent estimates and assumptions used in determining fair value of the reporting units are outside the control of management, including interest rates, cost of capital, tax rates, market revenue and EBITDA comparables and credit ratings. While we believe we have made reasonable estimates and assumptions to calculate the fair value of the reporting unit, it is possible a material change could occur. If our actual results are not consistent with our estimates and assumptions used to calculate fair value, it could result in material impairment of goodwill for the Network reporting unit.
Identifiable Intangible Assets Our acquired intangible assets, reported in Intangibles, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were specifically identified when acquired, and are deemed to have finite lives. The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization for these identifiable intangible assets were as set forth in the table below.
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| Amortization Period (in Years) | | December 31, 2025 | | December 31, 2024 |
| In millions | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization |
| Identifiable intangible assets | | | | | | | | | |
| Direct customer relationships | 1 - 15 | | $ | 398 | | | $ | (133) | | | $ | 390 | | | $ | (109) | |
| Technology-software | 3 - 8 | | 536 | | | (307) | | | 504 | | | (244) | |
| Tradenames | 1 - 10 | | 52 | | | (48) | | | 50 | | | (41) | |
| Total identifiable intangible assets | | | $ | 986 | | | $ | (488) | | | $ | 944 | | | $ | (394) | |
The increase in the gross carrying amount of acquired intangible assets was driven by business combinations and acquisitions of intellectual property.
Amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets was $95 million, $95 million, and $98 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
The aggregate estimated amortization expense for acquired intangible assets for the following periods is:
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| | | | | | For the years ended December 31 |
| In millions | | | | | 2026 | | 2027 | | 2028 | | 2029 | 2030 |
| Amortization expense | | | | | | $ | 91 | | | $ | 82 | | | $ | 79 | | | $ | 55 | | $ | 33 | |