15. Share-based Compensation

 

The 2019 Plan provides for the granting of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock units, performance awards, dividend equivalent rights and other awards, which may be granted singly, in combination, or in tandem, and which may be paid in cash, shares of common stock of the Company or a combination of cash and shares of common stock of the Company. Effective as of May 26, 2020, May 3, 2021, and March 23, 2023 respectively, the Board approved an increase of the number of authorized shares of common stock reserved under the 2019 Plan from 57,143 shares of common stock to 485,715, from 485,715 shares of common stock to 571,429 shares of common stock, and from 571,429 shares of common stock to 785,715, all of which may be delivered pursuant to incentive stock options.

 

On December 31, 2024, the Board approved an additional 780,000 shares of common stock to be reserved under the 2019 Plan, bringing the total number of shares underlying the Plan to 1,651,429 of which 793,735 shares have already been awarded or exercised. The Company’s stockholders approved the 780,000 share increase at the Company’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on June 17, 2025. Subject to adjustments pursuant to the 2019 Plan, the maximum number of shares of common stock with respect to which stock options or SARs may be granted to an executive officer during any calendar year is 14,286 shares of common stock.

 

 

The following table contains information about the 2019 Plan as of December 31, 2025:

 

   Awards           Awards 
   Reserved for   Awards   Awards   Available for 
   Issuance   Issued   Exercised   Grant 
2019 Plan(1)   1,651,429    1,132,774    173,915    518,655 
Awards issued in excess of 2019 Plan(2)   -    100,821    92,113    - 

 

(1) Includes incentive stock options and restricted stock units discussed below.
   
(2) Includes shares of restricted common stock granted outside of the 2019 Plan to our Chief Executive Officer, Adam Levy.

 

Stock-Options

 

The following table summarizes the Company’s incentive stock option activity for the two years ended December 31, 2025:

   

           Weighted 
       Weighted   Average 
       Average   Contractual 
   Number of   Exercise   Term in 
   Options   Price   Years 
Outstanding at January 1, 2024   560,650   $2.35    7.95 
Granted   172,000    2.68    10.00 
Exercised   (90,860)   1.01     
Forfeited            
Cancelled   (39,107)   1.01     
Expired   (14,286)   5.25     
Outstanding at December 31, 2024   588,397    2.67    7.81 
Granted   400,000    3.26    8.13 
Exercised   (6,825)   2.04     
Forfeited            
Cancelled   (60,175)   2.01     
Expired   (14,286)   5.25     
Outstanding at December 31, 2025   907,111   $2.94    7.03 
Exercisable at December 31, 2025   515,863   $2.38    6.90 

 

 

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, vested outstanding stock options had $88 thousand and $1,151 thousand of intrinsic value as the exercise price is greater than the estimated fair value of the underlying common stock, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were $609 thousand and $179 of unrecognized share-based compensation related to unvested stock options, which the Company expects to recognize over the next 36 months excluding options fully contingent upon certain sales-based milestones being achieved within 18 to 36 months of commercial release.

 

The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock option awards on a straight-line basis over the applicable service period of the award. The service period is generally the vesting period. The following assumptions were used to calculate share-based compensation expense for year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

   

    2025     2024  
Volatility     76.26-108.75 %     277.56-279.29 %
Risk-free interest rate     3.83-4.38 %     3.44-3.67 %
Dividend yield     0.0 %     0.0 %
Expected term     5.00-5.5 years       5.00 years  

 

The Company does not have sufficient historical information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior. Accordingly, the Company has elected to use the “simplified method” to estimate the expected term of its share-based awards. The simplified method computes the expected term as the sum of the award’s vesting term plus the original contractual term divided by two.

 

The Company estimated the expected volatility input for the Black-Scholes model using the historical volatility of its own publicly traded common stock over a period commensurate with the expected term of the option.

 

The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock option awards on a straight-line basis over the applicable service period of the award. The service period is generally the vesting period.

 

Restricted stock awards

 

The following table summarizes the Company’s restricted stock awards activity for the year ended December 31, 2025:

  

   Number of  

Weighted

Average

Grant Date

 
   Units   Fair Value 
Outstanding at December 31, 2023   64,562   $1.82 
Granted   57,972    2.46 
Exercised and converted to common shares   (62,910)   2.08 
Forfeited   (3,750)   2.30 
Outstanding at December 31, 2024   55,874    2.16 
Granted   45,198    3.57 
Exercised and converted to common shares   (39,116)   3.39 
Forfeited   (1,500)   2.72 
Outstanding at December 31, 2025   60,456   $2.41 
Exercisable at December 31, 2025   24,962   $2.62 

 

 

Compensation expense will be recognized ratably over the total vesting schedule. The Company will periodically adjust the cumulative compensation expense for forfeited awards. The Company recognizes the reversal of any previously recognized compensation expense on forfeited awards in the period the awards are forfeited. As of December 31, 2025, there was $38 thousand unrecognized share-based compensation related to unvested RSUs, which the Company expects to recognize through December 2027.

 

Share-based compensation of $654 thousand and $367 thousand has been recorded for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

 

Warrants

 

The following table shows a summary of common stock warrants for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

  

          Weighted     Weighted  
          Average     Average  
    Number of     Exercise     Contractual  
    Warrants     Price     Term in Years  
Outstanding at December 31, 2023     3,442,904       5.41       2.87  
Warrants – 2021 IPO(1)     387,750       5.50       2.99  
Outstanding at January 1, 2024 (corrected)     3,830,654       5.42       2.88  
Granted     947,792       4.18       5.00  
Exercised     (5,439 )     2.80        
Forfeited                  
Cancelled     (7,802 )     2.80        
Expired                  
Outstanding at December 31, 2024     4,765,205       5.18       2.42  
Granted     387,392       4.17       5.00  
Exercised                  
Forfeited                  
Cancelled     (9,657 )     2.80        
Expired                  
Outstanding at December 31, 2025     5,142,940     $ 5.11       1.93  
Exercisable at December 31, 2025     5,142,940     $ 5.11       1.93  

 

  (1) The warrants outstanding have been corrected to reflect 387,750 additional warrants related to the December 27, 2021 unit offering not previously included in the prior year warrant schedule.

 

As of December 31, 2025, vested outstanding warrants had no intrinsic value as the exercise price is greater than the estimated fair value of the underlying common stock.

 

As of December 31, 2024, vested outstanding stock options had $300 thousand intrinsic value as the exercise price is greater than the estimated fair value of the underlying common stock.

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 31, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 27, 2025
2023Apr 10, 2024
2022Mar 28, 2023
2021Mar 21, 2022
2020Mar 31, 2021
2019Mar 30, 2020

About Stock Compensation Disclosures

Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.

Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.