Note 13 — Net Loss Per Share

 

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net income or loss applicable to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding includes pre-funded warrants because their exercise requires only nominal consideration for delivery of shares; it does not include any potentially dilutive securities or any unvested restricted shares of common stock. Certain restricted shares, although classified as issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024, are considered contingently returnable until the restrictions lapse and will not be included in the basic net loss per share calculation until the shares are vested. Unvested shares of the Company’s restricted stock do not contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends and dividend equivalents.

 

The two-class method is used to determine earnings per share based on participation rights of participating securities in any undistributed earnings. Each share of preferred stock that includes rights to participate in distributed earnings is considered a participating security and the Company uses the two-class method to calculate net income available to the Company’s common stockholders per common share — basic and diluted.

 

The following securities were excluded from the computation of diluted shares outstanding due to the losses incurred in the periods presented, as they would have had an anti-dilutive impact on the Company’s net loss:

 

   For the Years Ended
December 31,
 
   2024   2023 
Options to purchase shares of common stock   13,674    47,619 
Warrants   1,175,333    197,492 
Unvested shares of restricted stock   17,917    6,414 
Common stock issuable upon conversion of Series A Preferred Stock   
-
    142,749 
Common stock issuable upon conversion of Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock   776,589    
-
 
Total   1,983,513    394,274 

About Earnings Per Share Disclosures

The earnings per share disclosure breaks down the calculation from net income to both basic and diluted EPS, revealing the full impact of a company's capital structure on per-share economics. The reconciliation between basic and diluted share counts exposes how many stock options, RSUs, convertible securities, and warrants are potentially dilutive to existing shareholders.

Key signals: a widening gap between basic and diluted shares indicates growing dilution from equity compensation or convertible instruments. Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the diluted calculation deserve attention — they represent latent dilution that will materialize if the stock price rises. Watch for the effect of share buybacks on per-share metrics: EPS growth driven primarily by repurchases rather than income growth signals weakening fundamentals. Compare year-over-year changes in the diluted share count against equity compensation expense to assess whether management is effectively managing dilution.