NOTE 15. INCOME TAXES

The Company records current income tax expense for the amounts that it expects to report and pay on the Company’s income tax returns and deferred income tax expense for the change in the deferred tax assets and liabilities.

On July 4, 2025, the U.S. government enacted the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”). Two provisions of the OBBBA may affect the Company in future tax years: (i) the reinstatement of an EBITDA-based limitation for deductible business interest expense under Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) section 163(j), which may allow additional utilization of interest expense carryforwards, and (ii) the permanent restoration of 100% bonus depreciation, permitting accelerated tax depreciation deductions.

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

(in thousands)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Foreign

 

$

80,289

 

 

$

18,702

 

 

$

53,688

 

United States

 

 

(25,270

)

 

 

(64,137

)

 

 

(26,410

)

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes

 

$

55,019

 

 

$

(45,435

)

 

$

27,278

 

Significant components of the income tax provision from continuing operations consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

(in thousands)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Current:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United States:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$

 

 

$

(34

)

 

$

(83

)

State

 

 

(11

)

 

 

(13

)

 

 

(6

)

Foreign

 

 

(19,558

)

 

 

(9,524

)

 

 

(13,138

)

Total current

 

 

(19,569

)

 

 

(9,571

)

 

 

(13,227

)

Deferred:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United States:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

 

2,468

 

 

 

68

 

 

 

 

State

 

 

 

 

 

23

 

 

 

 

Foreign

 

 

599

 

 

 

3,155

 

 

 

298

 

Total deferred

 

 

3,067

 

 

 

3,246

 

 

 

298

 

Income tax expense

 

$

(16,502

)

 

$

(6,325

)

 

$

(12,929

)

 

The Company is subject to income tax in the jurisdictions in which it operates. A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 is as follows:

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

(in thousands)

 

Amount

 

 

Percent

 

 

Amount

 

 

Percent

 

 

Amount

 

 

Percent

 

U.S. federal statutory tax rate

 

$

(11,554

)

 

 

21.0

%

 

$

9,541

 

 

 

21.0

%

 

$

(5,730

)

 

 

21.0

%

State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9

 

 

 

 

 

 

(6

)

 

 

 

Foreign tax effects

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal statutory tax rate differential between Canada and US

 

 

3,764

 

 

 

(6.8

)%

 

 

1,518

 

 

 

3.3

%

 

 

2,839

 

 

 

(10.4

)%

Subnational income taxes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alberta

 

 

(4,623

)

 

 

8.4

%

 

 

(2,323

)

 

 

(5.1

)%

 

 

(3,242

)

 

 

11.9

%

British Columbia

 

 

(602

)

 

 

1.1

%

 

 

(121

)

 

 

(0.3

)%

 

 

(783

)

 

 

2.9

%

Changes in valuation allowances

 

 

1,049

 

 

 

(1.9

)%

 

 

(1,110

)

 

 

(2.4

)%

 

 

(297

)

 

 

1.1

%

Return to provision adjustments

 

 

(813

)

 

 

1.5

%

 

 

95

 

 

 

0.2

%

 

 

54

 

 

 

(0.2

)%

Other

 

 

(530

)

 

 

1.0

%

 

 

19

 

 

 

 

 

 

10

 

 

 

 

Iceland

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Changes in valuation allowances

 

 

(283

)

 

 

0.5

%

 

 

(718

)

 

 

(1.6

)%

 

 

(155

)

 

 

0.6

%

Other

 

 

34

 

 

 

(0.1

)%

 

 

(204

)

 

 

(0.4

)%

 

 

11

 

 

 

 

Costa Rica

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign rate differential

 

 

(108

)

 

 

0.2

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Changes in valuation allowances

 

 

(4,881

)

 

 

8.9

%

 

 

(13,326

)

 

 

(29.3

)%

 

 

(2,452

)

 

 

9.0

%

Pension Terminations

 

 

2,242

 

 

 

(4.1

)%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other adjustments

 

 

(197

)

 

 

0.3

%

 

 

295

 

 

 

0.7

%

 

 

(1,347

)

 

 

4.8

%

Write-off of tax attributes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,831

)

 

 

6.7

%

Effective tax rate

 

$

(16,502

)

 

 

30.0

%

 

$

(6,325

)

 

 

(13.9

)%

 

$

(12,929

)

 

 

47.4

%

 

The components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

 

December 31,

 

(in thousands)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Deferred tax assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net operating loss carryforwards

 

$

24,412

 

 

$

18,822

 

Deferral of United States interest deductions

 

 

17,449

 

 

 

14,644

 

Pension, compensation, and other employee benefits

 

 

6,337

 

 

 

9,767

 

Leases

 

 

3,459

 

 

 

2,809

 

Tax credit carryforwards

 

 

1,709

 

 

 

1,935

 

Accrued liabilities and reserves

 

 

42

 

 

 

2,459

 

Other deferred income tax assets

 

 

9,084

 

 

 

9,117

 

Total deferred tax assets

 

 

62,492

 

 

 

59,553

 

Valuation allowance

 

 

(46,717

)

 

 

(43,558

)

Foreign deferred tax assets included above

 

 

(2,587

)

 

 

(2,454

)

United States net deferred tax assets

 

 

13,188

 

 

 

13,541

 

Deferred tax liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Property and equipment

 

 

(32,988

)

 

 

(23,053

)

Goodwill and other intangible assets

 

 

(11,667

)

 

 

(7,301

)

Leases

 

 

(170

)

 

 

(447

)

Other deferred income tax liabilities

 

 

(4,856

)

 

 

(8,305

)

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

 

(49,681

)

 

 

(39,106

)

Foreign deferred tax liabilities included above

 

 

(36,493

)

 

 

(25,565

)

United States net deferred tax liabilities included above

 

 

(13,188

)

 

 

(13,541

)

United States net deferred tax assets (liabilities)

 

$

 

 

$

 

The Company has $152.8 million of federal and state net operating losses (“NOLs”), the majority of which can be carried forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has $65.8 million of U.S. interest deductions deferred indefinitely under Section 163(j) of the IRC, and $1.7 million of foreign tax credits and general business credits carryforwards.

The Company uses significant judgment in forming conclusions regarding the recoverability of the Company’s deferred tax assets and evaluate all available positive and negative evidence to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. To the extent recovery does not appear likely, a valuation allowance must be recorded. In determining the recoverability of deferred assets, the Company considered its cumulative loss incurred over the three-year period ended December 31, 2025, in each tax jurisdiction. Given the weight of objectively verifiable historical losses from operations, the Company recorded a valuation allowance on the net deferred tax assets in the U.S. and its Flyover operations in Iceland. The Flyover Iceland NOLs may be carried over for 10 years and some will begin expiring in 2028. During 2025, the Company restructured its Canadian operations and fully utilized its Canadian NOL carryforwards.

The Company exercises judgment in determining the income tax provision for positions taken on prior returns when the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. There were no uncertain positions recorded as of December 31, 2025 for the continuing operations after the GES Sale.

In 2025, the Company finalized the audit of its 2019 through 2021 Canadian tax years with no material adjustments. U.S. federal tax years and various state tax years from 2020 through 2024 remain subject to examination, primarily due to the utilization of the carryforward of the Company’s NOLs and deferral of its US interest deductions. The tax years 2022 through 2024 remain subject to examination by various other foreign taxing jurisdictions.

Income taxes paid (net of refunds) consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

(in thousands)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Federal

 

$

4,318

 

 

$

101

 

 

$

33

 

State

 

 

7,186

 

 

45

 

 

15

 

Foreign

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada - federal and other

 

 

4,751

 

 

 

8,011

 

 

 

8,466

 

Alberta

 

 

2,405

 

 

 

3,296

 

 

 

4,047

 

Total Canada

 

 

7,156

 

 

 

11,307

 

 

 

12,513

 

Iceland

 

 

2,908

 

 

 

1,723

 

 

 

561

 

Costa Rica

 

 

1,438

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total foreign

 

 

11,502

 

 

 

13,030

 

 

 

13,074

 

Total

 

$

23,006

 

 

$

13,176

 

 

$

13,122

 

Income tax payments in 2025 include $10.5 million paid to combined and consolidated U.S. federal and state taxing authorities related to discontinued operations and gains from the GES Sale. In addition, the Company made a $1.0 million final payment related to the remaining IRC section 965 transition tax liability enacted by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

 

Details of the Company’s deferred tax valuation allowance consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:

 

 

 

 

 

Additions

 

 

Deductions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Balance as of Beginning of Year

 

 

Charged to
 Expense

 

 

Charged to
 Other Accounts
(1)

 

 

Write-Offs (2)

 

 

Other (3)

 

 

Balance as of End of Year

 

Deferred tax valuation allowance:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2023

 

$

70,323

 

 

$

3,071

 

 

$

 

 

$

(1,831

)

 

$

968

 

 

$

72,531

 

December 31, 2024

 

 

72,531

 

 

 

15,660

 

 

 

(44,011

)

 

 

 

 

 

(622

)

 

 

43,558

 

December 31, 2025

 

 

43,558

 

 

 

3,588

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(429

)

 

 

46,717

 

 

(1)
Primarily relates to the valuation allowance utilized against deferred assets offsetting the gain on sale and operations of discontinued operations.
(2)
Includes adjustments to the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets associated with expired and written off assets.
(3)
“Other” primarily includes adjustments to the tax valuation allowance attributable to other comprehensive income adjustments and foreign exchange translation adjustments.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 25, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 17, 2025
2023Mar 1, 2024
2022Feb 28, 2023
2021Feb 25, 2022
2020Mar 2, 2021
2019Feb 26, 2020
2018Feb 27, 2019
2017Feb 28, 2018
2016Mar 6, 2017
2015Mar 11, 2016

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.